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The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has transformed the landscape of natural language processing, enabling breakthroughs across a wide range of areas including question answering, machine translation, and text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Sungmin Kang , Yavuz Faruk Bakman , Duygu Nur Yaldiz , Baturalp Buyukates , Salman Avestimehr

The detection of sophisticated hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) is hampered by a ``Detection Dilemma'': methods probing internal states (Internal State Probing) excel at identifying factual inconsistencies but fail on logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yusheng Song , Lirong Qiu , Xi Zhang , Zhihao Tang

Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise for automating spreadsheet formula creation. However, due to hallucinations, bias and variable user skill, outputs obtained from generative AI cannot be assumed to be accurate or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Simon Thorne

LLM deployment in critical domains is currently impeded by persistent hallucinations--generating plausible but factually incorrect assertions. While scaling laws drove significant improvements in general capabilities, theoretical frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jiayun Wu , Jiashuo Liu , Zhiyuan Zeng , Tianyang Zhan , Tianle Cai , Wenhao Huang

Model hallucination is one of the most critical challenges faced by Large Language Models (LLMs), especially in high-stakes code intelligence tasks. As LLMs become increasingly integrated into software engineering tasks, understanding and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Cuiyun Gao , Guodong Fan , Chun Yong Chong , Shizhan Chen , Chao Liu , David Lo , Zibin Zheng , Qing Liao

As generative AI systems become competent and democratized in science, business, and government, deeper insight into their failure modes now poses an acute need. The occasional volatility in their behavior, such as the propensity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Praneet Suresh , Jack Stanley , Sonia Joseph , Luca Scimeca , Danilo Bzdok

We investigate the impact of hallucinations and Cognitive Forcing Functions in human-AI collaborative content-grounded data generation, focusing on the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist in generating high quality conversational…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zahra Ashktorab , Qian Pan , Werner Geyer , Michael Desmond , Marina Danilevsky , James M. Johnson , Casey Dugan , Michelle Bachman

Hallucinations, the generation of apparently convincing yet false statements, remain a major barrier to the safe deployment of LLMs. Building on the strong performance of self-detection methods, we examine the use of structured knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Sahil Kale , Antonio Luca Alfeo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making contexts, but when they present answers without signaling low confidence, users may unknowingly act on erroneous outputs. Prior work shows that LLMs maintain internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mark Steyvers , Catarina Belem , Padhraic Smyth

While Large Language Models (LLM) are able to accumulate and restore knowledge, they are still prone to hallucination. Especially when faced with factual questions, LLM cannot only rely on knowledge stored in parameters to guarantee…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Pierre Erbacher , Louis Falissar , Vincent Guigue , Laure Soulier

While large language models (LLMs) have taken great strides towards helping humans with a plethora of tasks, hallucinations remain a major impediment towards gaining user trust. The fluency and coherence of model generations even when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Ben Snyder , Marius Moisescu , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

This paper establishes a fundamental Impossibility Theorem: no LLM performing non-trivial knowledge aggregation can simultaneously achieve truthful knowledge representation, semantic information conservation, complete revelation of relevant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-17 Michał P. Karpowicz

Large language models (LLMs), despite their remarkable text generation capabilities, often hallucinate and generate text that is factually incorrect and not grounded in real-world knowledge. This poses serious risks in domains like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Raavi Gupta , Pranav Hari Panicker , Sumit Bhatia , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate hallucinations-content that deviates from factual accuracy or provided context-posing challenges for diagnosis due to the complex interplay of underlying causes. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yiyou Sun , Yu Gai , Lijie Chen , Abhilasha Ravichander , Yejin Choi , Dawn Song

Large language models (LLMs) have been found to produce hallucinations when the question exceeds their internal knowledge boundaries. A reliable model should have a clear perception of its knowledge boundaries, providing correct answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Shiyu Ni , Keping Bi , Lulu Yu , Jiafeng Guo

The widespread adoption and transformative effects of large language models (LLMs) have sparked concerns regarding their capacity to produce inaccurate and fictitious content, referred to as `hallucinations'. Given the potential risks…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Mahjabin Nahar , Haeseung Seo , Eun-Ju Lee , Aiping Xiong , Dongwon Lee

Despite their impressive capabilities, large language models (LLMs) have been observed to generate responses that include inaccurate or fabricated information, a phenomenon commonly known as ``hallucination''. In this work, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yue Zhang , Leyang Cui , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) have recently become a significant problem. A recent effort in this direction is a shared task at Semeval 2024 Task 6, SHROOM, a Shared-task on Hallucinations and Related Observable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Rahul Mehta , Andrew Hoblitzell , Jack O'Keefe , Hyeju Jang , Vasudeva Varma

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown unprecedented capabilities in advancing various vision-language tasks. However, MLLMs face significant challenges with hallucinations, and misleading outputs that do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Shengqiong Wu , Hao Fei , Liangming Pan , William Yang Wang , Shuicheng Yan , Tat-Seng Chua

The possibility of LLM self-awareness and even sentience is gaining increasing public attention and has major safety and policy implications, but the science of measuring them is still in a nascent state. Here we introduce a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Christopher Ackerman
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