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We propose a hybrid quantum-classical approach to model continuous classical probability distributions using a variational quantum circuit. The architecture of the variational circuit consists of two parts: a quantum circuit employed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-04 Jonathan Romero , Alan Aspuru-Guzik

Current quantum programs are mostly synthesized and compiled on the gate-level, where quantum circuits are composed of quantum gates. The gate-level workflow, however, introduces significant redundancy when quantum gates are eventually…

Quantum computing is a new way of data processing based on the concept of quantum mechanics. Quantum circuit design is a process of converting a quantum gate to a series of basic gates and is divided into two general categories based on the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Moein Sarvaghad-Moghaddam

Efficiently characterizing large quantum states and processes is a central yet notoriously challenging task in quantum information science, as conventional tomography methods typically require resources that grow exponentially with system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Chenyang Li , Shengxin Zhuang , Yukun Zhang , Jingbo B. Wang , Xiao Yuan , Yusen Wu , Chuan Wang

Despite potential quantum supremacy, state-of-the-art quantum neural networks (QNNs) suffer from low inference accuracy. First, the current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices with high error rates of 0.001 to 0.01 significantly…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Cheng Chu , Nai-Hui Chia , Lei Jiang , Fan Chen

Quantum compilers rely on calibration-derived noise models to guide circuit mapping and optimization. These models characterize gate and qubit errors independently and miss context-dependent effects such as crosstalk and correlated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhenyu Qi , Qian Zhang , Haotang Li , Sen He , Jiyuan Wang

Measurement-based one-way quantum computation (QC) using cluster states as resources provides an efficient model to perform computation and information processing of quantum codes. Arbitrary Gaussian QC can be implemented by sufficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Xiaolong Su , Shuhong Hao , Xiaowei Deng , Lingyu Ma , Meihong Wang , Xiaojun Jia , Changde Xie , Kunchi Peng

Despite rapid progress in the field, it is still challenging to discover new ways to take advantage of quantum computation: all quantum algorithms need to be designed by hand, and quantum mechanics is notoriously counterintuitive. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Leopoldo Sarra , Kevin Ellis , Florian Marquardt

We are in the midst of the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, where quantum computers are limited by noisy gates, some of which are more error-prone than others and can render the final computation incomprehensible. Quantum…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Pranav Sinha , Sumit Kumar Jha , Sunny Raj

Quantum reservoir computing (QRC) is a hardware-implementation-friendly quantum neural network scheme with minimal physical system requirements and a proven advantage over classical counterparts. We use an extension of the positive-P phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 S. Świerczewski , W. Verstraelen , P. Deuar , T. C. H. Liew , A. Opala , M. Matuszewski

We propose the generalized controlled X (GCX) gate as the two-qudit elementary gate, and based on Cartan decomposition, we also give the one-qudit elementary gates. Then we discuss the physical implementation of these elementary gates and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Yao-Min Di , Hai-Rui Wei

Quantum computation represents a promising frontier in the domain of high-performance computing, blending quantum information theory with practical applications to overcome the limitations of classical computation. This study investigates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 King Yiu Yu , Aritra Sarkar , Maximilian Rimbach-Russ , Ryoichi Ishihara , Sebastian Feld

Hardware-efficient circuits employed in Quantum Machine Learning are typically composed of alternating layers of uniformly applied gates. High-speed numerical simulators for such circuits are crucial for advancing research in this field. In…

The emergence of noisy medium-scale quantum devices has led to proof-of-concept applications for quantum computing in various domains. Examples include Natural Language Processing (NLP) where sentence classification experiments have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-03 Amin Karamlou , Marcel Pfaffhauser , James Wootton

We study a practical question in generative quantum machine learning: given a classical dataset, can we determine, before training, whether it is well suited to a quantum generative model? We focus on a class of quantum circuits known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Chen-Yu Liu , Leonardo Placidi , Eric Brunner , Enrico Rinaldi

The resource overhead required to achieve net computational benefits from quantum error correction (QEC) limits its utility while current systems remain constrained in size, despite exceptional progress in experimental demonstrations. In…

Quantum Computing has been evolving in the last years. Although nowadays quantum algorithms performance has shown superior to their classical counterparts, quantum decoherence and additional auxiliary qubits needed for error tolerance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-06 O. M. Pires , E. I. Duzzioni , J. Marchi , R. Santiago

Noisy quantum devices demand error-mitigation techniques to be accurate yet simple and efficient in terms of number of shots and processing time. Many established approaches (e.g., extrapolation and quasi-probability cancellation) impose…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Seyed Mohamad Ali Tousi , G. N. DeSouza

Compiling quantum circuits into Clifford+$T$ gates is a central task for fault-tolerant quantum computing using stabilizer codes. In the near term, $T$ gates will dominate the cost of fault tolerant implementations, and any reduction in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Daniele Lizzio Bosco , Lukasz Cincio , Giuseppe Serra , M. Cerezo

Efficiently characterizing quantum dot (QD) devices is a critical bottleneck when scaling quantum processors based on confined spins. Measuring high-resolution charge stability diagrams (or CSDs, data maps which crucially define the…