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Absorption measurement is an exceptionally versatile tool for many applications in science and engineering. For absorption measurements using laser beams of light, the sensitivity is theoretically limited by the shot noise due to the…
We describe one of the largest radio-frequency RF atomic magnetometers presently operating. A total atomic volume of 128 $\mathrm{cm^3}$, with correspondingly large number of $^{87}$Rb atoms, can reduce atom noise. A total of 44 passes of…
Measuring fluctuations in matter's low energy excitations is the key to unveil the nature of the nonequilibrium response of materials. A promising outlook in this respect is offered by spectroscopic methods that address matter fluctuations…
State-of-the-art image classifiers are trained and tested using well-illuminated images. These images are typically captured by CMOS image sensors with at least tens of photons per pixel. However, in dark environments when the photon flux…
Atomic Force Microscope images of a crack intersecting the free surface of a glass specimen are taken at different stages of subcritical propagation. From the analysis of image pairs, it is shown that a novel Integrated Digital Image…
Quartz tuning fork-based atomic force microscopy (QTF-AFM) has become a powerful tool for high-resolution imaging of both conductive and insulating samples, including semiconductor structures and metal-coated surfaces as well as soft matter…
A design for photoacoustic mass sensors operating above 100 GHz is proposed. The design is based on impulsive optical excitation of a pseudosurface acoustic wave in a surface phononic crystal with nanometric periodic grating, and on…
Quantum sensors, qubits sensitive to external fields, have become powerful detectors for various small acoustic and electromagnetic fields. A major key to their success have been dynamical decoupling protocols which enhance sensitivity to…
Silicon sensors are the most diffuse position sensitive device in particle physics 8 experiments and in countless applications in science and technology. They had a spectacular progress in performance over almost 40 years since their first…
We report on the spectral analysis and the local measurement of intensity correlations of microwave fields using ultra cold quantum gases. The fluctuations of the electromagnetic field induce spin flips in a magnetically trapped quantum gas…
Noise measurements have been carried out in the LISA bandwidth (0.1 mHz to 100 mHz) to characterize an all-optical atomic magnetometer based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation. This was done in order to assess if the technology can be…
The problem of finding the optimal current distribution supported by small radiators yielding the minimum quality (Q) factor is a fundamental problem in electromagnetism. Q factor bounds constrain the maximum operational bandwidth of…
We demonstrate the application of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) based optical force microscopy to map the optical near-fields with nanometer resolution, limited only by the AFM probe geometry. We map the electric field distributions of…
We report on a combined photoluminescence imaging and atomic force microscopy study of single, isolated self-assembled InAs quantum dots (density <0.01 um^(-2) capped by a 95 nm GaAs layer, and emitting around 950 nm. By combining optical…
This paper investigates the performance of the micro-electro-mechanical systems resonant sensor used for particle detection and concentration measurement. These fine and ultra-fine particles such as particulate matter (PM), ferrous…
Neuromorphic event-based dynamic vision sensors (DVS) have much faster sampling rates and a higher dynamic range than frame-based imagers. However, they are sensitive to background activity (BA) events which are unwanted. we propose a new…
Atomic force microscope (AFM) generally works on the basis of manipulating absolute magnitude of van der Waals (vdW) force between the tip and specimen. The force is, however, less sensitive to alternation of atom species than to tip-sample…
In this paper, an in-pixel chopping technique to reduce the low-frequency or 1/f noise of the source follower (SF) transistor in an active pixel sensor (APS) is presented. The SF low-frequency noise is modulated at higher frequencies…
A quantum interface between microwave and optical photons is essential for entangling remote superconducting quantum processors. To preserve fragile quantum states, a transducer must operate efficiently while generating less than one photon…
The force between two interacting particles as a function of distance is one of the most fundamental curves in science. In this regard, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) represents the most powerful tool in nanoscience but with severe limits…