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Geospatial Foundation Models (GeoFMs) are transforming Earth Observation (EO), but evaluation lacks standardized protocols. GEO-Bench-2 addresses this with a comprehensive framework spanning classification, segmentation, regression, object…

Earth Observation Foundation Models (EOFMs) have exploded in prevalence as tools for processing the massive volumes of remotely sensed and other earth observation data, and for delivering impact on the many essential earth monitoring tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ryan P. Demilt , Nicholas LaHaye , Karis Tenneson

While the advancement of large language models has spurred the development of AI agents to automate tasks, numerous use cases inherently require agents to collaborate with humans due to humans' latent preferences, domain expertise, or the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yijia Shao , Vinay Samuel , Yucheng Jiang , John Yang , Diyi Yang

We introduce OpenVO, a novel framework for Open-world Visual Odometry (VO) with temporal awareness under limited input conditions. OpenVO effectively estimates real-world-scale ego-motion from monocular dashcam footage with varying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Phuc D. A. Nguyen , Anh N. Nhu , Ming C. Lin

Earth observation (EO), aiming at monitoring the state of planet Earth using remote sensing data, is critical for improving our daily lives and living environment. With a growing number of satellites in orbit, an increasing number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Zhitong Xiong , Fahong Zhang , Yi Wang , Yilei Shi , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Earth observation (EO) in open-world settings presents a unique challenge: different applications rely on diverse sensor modalities, each with varying ground sampling distances, spectral ranges, and numbers of spectral bands. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zhitong Xiong , Yi Wang , Fahong Zhang , Adam J. Stewart , Joëlle Hanna , Damian Borth , Ioannis Papoutsis , Bertrand Le Saux , Gustau Camps-Valls , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated effective perception and reasoning capabilities on general-domain tasks, leading to growing interest in their application to Earth observation. However, a systematic benchmark for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Ronghao Fu , Haoran Liu , Weijie Zhang , Zhiwen Lin , Xiao Yang , Peng Zhang , Bo Yang

The volume of unlabelled Earth observation (EO) data is huge, but many important applications lack labelled training data. However, EO data offers the unique opportunity to pair data from different modalities and sensors automatically based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Vishal Nedungadi , Ankit Kariryaa , Stefan Oehmcke , Serge Belongie , Christian Igel , Nico Lang

The increasing frequency and severity of climate related disasters have intensified the need for real time monitoring, early warning, and informed decision-making. Earth Observation (EO), powered by satellite data and Machine Learning (ML),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Stella Girtsou , Konstantinos Alexis , Giorgos Giannopoulos , Charalambos Kontoes

Massive amounts of unlabelled data are captured by Earth Observation (EO) satellites, with the Sentinel-2 constellation generating 1.6 TB of data daily. This makes Remote Sensing a data-rich domain well suited to Machine Learning (ML)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Casper Fibaek , Luke Camilleri , Andreas Luyts , Nikolaos Dionelis , Bertrand Le Saux

The growing availability of Earth Observation (EO) data and recent advances in Computer Vision have driven rapid progress in machine learning for EO, producing domain-specific models at ever-increasing scales. Yet this progress risks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Tasos Papazafeiropoulos , Nikolaos Ioannis Bountos , Nikolas Papadopoulos , Ioannis Papoutsis

Visual grounding in 3D is the key for embodied agents to localize language-referred objects in open-world environments. However, existing benchmarks are limited to indoor focus, single-platform constraints, and small scale. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Rong Li , Yuhao Dong , Tianshuai Hu , Ao Liang , Youquan Liu , Dongyue Lu , Liang Pan , Lingdong Kong , Junwei Liang , Ziwei Liu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in general perception, yet complex multi-step visual reasoning remains a persistent challenge. Although recent agentic approaches incorporate tool use, they often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhiwei Ning , Xuanang Gao , Jiaxi Cao , Gengming Zhang , Shengnan Ma , Wenwen Tong , Hanming Deng , Jie Yang , Wei Liu

Understanding the world and explaining it with scientific theories is a central aspiration of artificial intelligence research. Proposing theories, designing experiments to test them, and then revising them based on data are fundamental to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Kanishk Gandhi , Michael Y. Li , Lyle Goodyear , Agam Bhatia , Louise Li , Aditi Bhaskar , Mohammed Zaman , Noah D. Goodman

The emergence of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has driven breakthroughs in egocentric vision applications. These applications necessitate persistent, context-aware understanding of objects, as users interact with tools in dynamic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yuqian Yuan , Ronghao Dang , Long Li , Wentong Li , Dian Jiao , Xin Li , Deli Zhao , Fan Wang , Wenqiao Zhang , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

The advancement of remote sensing, including satellite systems, facilitates the continuous acquisition of remote sensing imagery globally, introducing novel challenges for achieving open-world tasks. Deployed models need to continuously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Xiang Xiang , Zhuo Xu , Yao Deng , Qinhao Zhou , Yifan Liang , Ke Chen , Qingfang Zheng , Yaowei Wang , Xilin Chen , Wen Gao

Visual grounding is an essential capability of Visual Language Models (VLMs) to understand the real physical world. Previous state-of-the-art grounding visual language models usually have large model sizes, making them heavy for deployment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Guanqi Zhan , Changye Li , Zhijian Liu , Yao Lu , Yi Wu , Song Han , Ligeng Zhu

Accurate and robust localization is a fundamental need for mobile agents. Visual-inertial odometry (VIO) algorithms exploit the information from camera and inertial sensors to estimate position and translation. Recent deep learning based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Zheming Tu , Changhao Chen , Xianfei Pan , Ruochen Liu , Jiarui Cui , Jun Mao

Large language models are shifting from passive information providers to active agents intended for complex workflows. However, their deployment as reliable AI workers in enterprise is stalled by benchmarks that fail to capture the…

Energy economy optimization (EEO) models employ formal search techniques to explore the future decision space over several decades in order to deliver policy-relevant insights. EEO models are a critical tool for decision-makers who must…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-01-30 Joseph F. DeCarolis , Kevin Hunter , Sarat Sreepathi