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To handle ambiguous and open-ended requests, Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly trained to interact with users to surface intents they have not yet expressed (e.g., ask clarification questions). However, users are often ambiguous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tae Soo Kim , Yoonjoo Lee , Jaesang Yu , John Joon Young Chung , Juho Kim

We propose a mathematical framework for synthesizing motion plans for multi-agent systems that fulfill complex, high-level and formal local specifications in the presence of inter-agent communication. The proposed synthesis framework…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Zhiyu Liu , Jin Dai , Bo Wu , Hai Lin

Real-world robotic systems must comply with safety requirements in the presence of uncertainty. To define and measure requirement adherence, Signal Temporal Logic (STL) offers a mathematically rigorous and expressive language. However,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Elizabeth Dietrich , Hanna Krasowski , Emir Cem Gezer , Roger Skjetne , Asgeir Johan Sørensen , Murat Arcak

The surge in popularity of large language models (LLMs) has opened doors for new approaches to the creation of interactive agents. However, managing and interpreting the temporal behavior of such agents over the course of a potentially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Raven Rothkopf , Hannah Tongxin Zeng , Mark Santolucito

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formal language for describing a broad range of real-valued, temporal properties in cyber-physical systems. While there has been extensive research on verification and control synthesis from STL…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress in understanding and generating natural language across various applications. However, they often struggle with resolving ambiguities in real-world, enterprise-level interactions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 John Murzaku , Zifan Liu , Vaishnavi Muppala , Md Mehrab Tanjim , Xiang Chen , Yunyao Li

Requirements expressed in natural language are an indispensable artifact in the software development process, as all stakeholders can understand them. However, their ambiguity poses a persistent challenge. To address this issue,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Mauro José Pacchiotti , Mariel Ale y Luciana Ballejos

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formalism used to rigorously specify requirements of cyberphysical systems (CPS), i.e., systems mixing digital or discrete components in interaction with a continuous environment or analog com- ponents. STL…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-06-30 Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Alexandre Donzé , Shromona Ghosh , Xiaoqing Jin , Garvit Juniwal , Sanjit A. Seshia

In this paper we present a grammar and control synthesis framework for online modification of Event-based Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications, during execution. These modifications allow a user to change the robots' task in response…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-03 David Gundana , Hadas Kress-Gazit

Traffic rules formalization is crucial for verifying the compliance and safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, manual translation of natural language traffic rules as formal specification requires domain knowledge and logic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Kumar Manas , Stefan Zwicklbauer , Adrian Paschke

Offline safe reinforcement learning (RL) aims to train a constraint satisfaction policy from a fixed dataset. Current state-of-the-art approaches are based on supervised learning with a conditioned policy. However, these approaches fall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zijian Guo , Weichao Zhou , Wenchao Li

Early-stage specifications of safety-critical systems are typically expressed in natural language, making it difficult to derive formal properties suitable for verification and needed to guarantee safety. While recent Large Language Model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Alberto Tagliaferro , Bruno Guindani , Livia Lestingi , Matteo Rossi

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is expressive formal language that specifies spatio-temporal requirements in robotics. Its quantitative robustness semantics can be easily integrated with optimization-based control frameworks. However, STL…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Tianhao Wu , Yiwei Lyu

Modern signal processing (SP) pipelines, whether model-based or data-driven, often constrained by complex and fragmented workflow, rely heavily on expert knowledge and manual engineering, and struggle with adaptability and generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Junlong Ke , Qiying Hu , Shenghai Yuan , Yuecong Xu , Jianfei Yang

Extracting MITRE ATT\&CK Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) from natural language threat reports is crucial yet challenging. Existing methods primarily focus on performance metrics using data-driven approaches, often neglecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Cheng Meng , ZhengWei Jiang , QiuYun Wang , XinYi Li , ChunYan Ma , FangMing Dong , FangLi Ren , BaoXu Liu

Temporal logics are extensively used for the specification of on-going behaviours of reactive systems. Two significant developments in this area are the extension of traditional temporal logics with modalities that enable the specification…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Patricia Bouyer , Orna Kupferman , Nicolas Markey , Bastien Maubert , Aniello Murano , Giuseppe Perelli

Reward design is a key component of deep reinforcement learning, yet some tasks and designer's objectives may be unnatural to define as a scalar cost function. Among the various techniques, formal methods integrated with DRL have garnered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jiangwei Wang , Shuo Yang , Ziyan An , Songyang Han , Zhili Zhang , Rahul Mangharam , Meiyi Ma , Fei Miao

Formal analysis of functional and non-functional requirements is crucial in automotive systems. The behaviors of those systems often rely on complex dynamics as well as on stochastic behaviors. We have proposed a probabilistic extension of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Li Huang , Tian Liang , Eun-Young Kang

In recent years, querying semantic web data using SPARQL has remained challenging, especially for non-expert users, due to the language's complex syntax and the prerequisite of understanding intricate data structures. To address these…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xiangru Jian , Zhengyuan Dong , M. Tamer Özsu

To make robots accessible to a broad audience, it is critical to endow them with the ability to take universal modes of communication, like commands given in natural language, and extract a concrete desired task specification, defined using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Jiayi Pan , Glen Chou , Dmitry Berenson