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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) tasks require reasoning over complex visual scenes and executing adaptive actions in dynamic environments. While recent studies on reasoning VLAs show that explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) can improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Chi-Pin Huang , Yunze Man , Zhiding Yu , Min-Hung Chen , Jan Kautz , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Fu-En Yang

We propose a CompliantVLA-adaptor that augments the state-of-the-art Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models with vision-language model (VLM)-informed context-aware variable impedance control (VIC) to improve the safety and effectiveness of…

Recent high-capacity vision-language-action (VLA) models have demonstrated impressive performance on a range of robotic manipulation tasks by imitating human demonstrations. However, exploiting offline data with limited visited states will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Guanxing Lu , Wenkai Guo , Chubin Zhang , Yuheng Zhou , Haonan Jiang , Zifeng Gao , Yansong Tang , Ziwei Wang

Active Test-Time Adaptation (ATTA) improves model robustness under domain shift by selectively querying human annotations at deployment, but existing methods use heuristic uncertainty measures and suffer from low data selection efficiency,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Tingyu Shi , Fan Lyu , Shaoliang Peng

Vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit remarkable zero-shot capabilities but struggle with distribution shifts in downstream tasks when labeled data is unavailable, which has motivated the development of Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) to improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yiwen Liang , Hui Chen , Yizhe Xiong , Zihan Zhou , Mengyao Lyu , Zijia Lin , Shuaicheng Niu , Sicheng Zhao , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Visual Foresight VLA (VF-VLA) has become a prominent architectural choice in the recent VLA due to its impressive performance. Nevertheless, the inherent design of VF-VLA makes it particularly vulnerable to out-of-distribution (OOD) shifts.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Sangwu Park , Wonjoong Kim , Yeonjun In , Sein Kim , Hongseok Kang , Chanyoung Park

Latent Action Models (LAMs) have emerged as an effective paradigm for handling heterogeneous datasets during Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model pretraining, offering a unified action space across embodiments. However, existing LAMs often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qiwei Li , Xicheng Gong , Xinghang Li , Peiyan Li , Quanyun Zhou , Hangjun Ye , Jiahuan Zhou , Yadong Mu

Recent work has begun to equip vision-language-action (VLA) policies with explicit intermediate reasoning. In embodied control, however, textual chain-of-thought is a poor fit: irrelevant or weakly textual information can interfere with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Mingjian Gao , Wenqiao Zhang , Yuqian Yuan , Yang Dai , Binhe Yu , Zheqi Lv , Haoyu Zheng , Jiaqi Zhu , Zhiqi Ge , Zixuan Wan , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models aim to unify perception, language understanding, and action generation, offering strong cross-task and cross-scene generalization with broad impact on embodied AI. However, current VLA models often lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Angen Ye , Zeyu Zhang , Boyuan Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Dapeng Zhang , Zheng Zhu

When self-adaptive systems encounter changes within their surrounding environments, they enact tactics to perform necessary adaptations. For example, a self-adaptive cloud-based system may have a tactic that initiates additional computing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Jeffrey Palmerino , Qi Yu , Travis Desell , Daniel E. Krutz

In this paper, we propose GTA-VLA(Guide, Think, Act), an interactive Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework that enables spatially steerable embodied reasoning by allowing users to guide robot policies with explicit visual cues. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yiran Ling , Qing Lian , Jinghang Li , Qing Jiang , Tianming Zhang , Xiaoke Jiang , Chuanxiu Liu , Jie Liu , Lei Zhang

Audio-visual continual test-time adaptation involves continually adapting a source audio-visual model at test-time, to unlabeled non-stationary domains, where either or both modalities can be distributionally shifted, which hampers online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sarthak Kumar Maharana , Akshay Mehra , Bhavya Ramakrishna , Yunhui Guo , Guan-Ming Su

Foundation models applied in robotics, particularly \textbf{Vision--Language--Action (VLA)} models, hold great promise for achieving general-purpose manipulation. Yet, systematic real-world evaluations and cross-model comparisons remain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yihao Zhang , Yuankai Qi , Xi Zheng

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate impressive zero-shot generalization through large-scale image-text pretraining, yet their performance can drop once the deployment distribution diverges from the training distribution. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiaozhen Qiao , Jingkai Zhao , Yuqiu Jiang , Xianda Guo , Zhe Sun , Hongyuan Zhang , Xuelong Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently shown strong decision-making capabilities in autonomous driving. However, existing VLAs often struggle with achieving efficient inference and generalizing to novel autonomous vehicle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Dapeng Zhang , Zhenlong Yuan , Zhangquan Chen , Chih-Ting Liao , Yinda Chen , Fei Shen , Qingguo Zhou , Tat-Seng Chua

The zero-shot capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been widely leveraged to improve predictive performance. However, previous works on transductive or test-time adaptation (TTA) often make strong assumptions about the data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Maxime Zanella , Clément Fuchs , Christophe De Vleeschouwer , Ismail Ben Ayed

We adapt a pre-trained Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model (Open-VLA) for dexterous human-robot collaboration with minimal language prompting. Our approach adds (i) FiLM conditioning to visual backbones for task-aware perception, (ii) an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Boshi An , Chenyu Yang , Robert Katzschmann

Vision-language foundation models (VLMs), such as CLIP, exhibit remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks. However, deploying these models can be unreliable when significant distribution gaps exist between training and test data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zongbo Han , Jialong Yang , Guangyu Wang , Junfan Li , Qianli Xu , Mike Zheng Shou , Changqing Zhang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have advanced the field of embodied manipulation by harnessing broad world knowledge and strong generalization. However, current VLA models still face several key challenges, including limited reasoning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wenhao Li , Xiu Su , Dan Niu , Yichao Cao , Hongyan Xu , Zhe Qu , Lei Fan , Shan You , Chang Xu

Force/torque feedback can substantially improve Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models on contact-rich manipulation, but most existing approaches fuse all modalities at a single operating frequency. This design ignores the mismatched sampling…