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Text-to-image (T2I) generation models have made significant strides but still struggle with prompt sensitivity: even minor changes in prompt wording can yield inconsistent or inaccurate outputs. To address this challenge, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Mohammad Abdul Hafeez Khan , Yash Jain , Siddhartha Bhattacharyya , Vibhav Vineet

We present a training-free graph-based approach for solving interactive reasoning tasks in the ARC-AGI-3 benchmark. ARC-AGI-3 comprises game-like tasks where agents must infer task mechanics through limited interactions, and adapt to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Evgenii Rudakov , Jonathan Shock , Benjamin Ultan Cowley

While artificial intelligence (AI) models have achieved human or even superhuman performance in many well-defined applications, they still struggle to show signs of broad and flexible intelligence. The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Giacomo Camposampiero , Loic Houmard , Benjamin Estermann , Joël Mathys , Roger Wattenhofer

The AI community has been pursuing algorithms known as artificial general intelligence (AGI) that apply to any kind of real-world problem. Recently, chat systems powered by large language models (LLMs) emerge and rapidly become a promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Lingxi Xie , Longhui Wei , Xiaopeng Zhang , Kaifeng Bi , Xiaotao Gu , Jianlong Chang , Qi Tian

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved strong performance on standard vision-language benchmarks, yet often rely on surface-level recognition rather than deeper reasoning. We propose visual word puzzles as a challenging alternative, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ali Najar , Alireza Mirrokni , Arshia Izadyari , Sadegh Mohammadian , Amir Homayoon Sharifizade , Asal Meskin , Mobin Bagherian , Ehsaneddin Asgari

Vision Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used for detecting AI-generated images (AIGI). However, converting VLMs into reliable detectors is resource-intensive, and the resulting models often suffer from hallucination and poor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ruoxin Chen , Jiahui Gao , Kaiqing Lin , Keyue Zhang , Yandan Zhao , Isabel Guan , Taiping Yao , Shouhong Ding

Building on recent advances in language-based reasoning models, we explore multimodal reasoning that integrates vision and text. Existing multimodal benchmarks primarily test visual extraction combined with text-based reasoning, lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Mert Unsal , Aylin Akkus

We study structured abstraction-based reasoning for the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) and compare its generalization to test-time approaches. Purely neural architectures lack reliable combinatorial generalization, while strictly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Anugyan Das , Omkar Ghugarkar , Vishvesh Bhat , Asad Aali

Analytical reasoning is an essential and challenging task that requires a system to analyze a scenario involving a set of particular circumstances and perform reasoning over it to make conclusions. In this paper, we study the challenge of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Wanjun Zhong , Siyuan Wang , Duyu Tang , Zenan Xu , Daya Guo , Jiahai Wang , Jian Yin , Ming Zhou , Nan Duan

In this project, we test the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) dataset. This dataset serves as a representative benchmark for testing abstract reasoning abilities, requiring a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Liane Galanti , Ethan Baron

We tasked 16 state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) with estimating the likelihood of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) emerging by 2030. To assess the quality of these forecasts, we implemented an automated peer review process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Fabrizio Davide , Pietro Torre , Leonardo Ercolani , Andrea Gaggioli

Accurate estimation of item (question or task) difficulty is critical for educational assessment but suffers from the cold start problem. While Large Language Models demonstrate superhuman problem-solving capabilities, it remains an open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ming Li , Han Chen , Yunze Xiao , Jian Chen , Hong Jiao , Tianyi Zhou

Measuring how real images look is a complex task in artificial intelligence research. For example, an image of a boy with a vacuum cleaner in a desert violates common sense. We introduce a novel method, which we call Through the Looking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Elisei Rykov , Kseniia Petrushina , Kseniia Titova , Anton Razzhigaev , Alexander Panchenko , Vasily Konovalov

Text-to-image (T2I) models have gained significant popularity. Most of these are diffusion models with unique computational characteristics, distinct from both traditional small-scale ML models and large language models. They are highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Shubham Agarwal , Subrata Mitra , Saud Iqbal

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated substantial value in unified text-image understanding and reasoning, primarily by converting images into sequences of patch-level tokens that align with their architectural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xinliang Zhang , Lei Zhu , Hangzhou He , Shuang Zeng , Ourui Fu , Jiakui Hu , Zhengjian Yao , Yanye Lu

Humans excel at spatial reasoning tasks like Tangram puzzle assembly through cognitive processes involving mental rotation, iterative refinement, and visual feedback. Inspired by how humans solve Tangram puzzles through trial-and-error,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yikun Zong , Cheston Tan

Reasoning LLMs such as OpenAI o1, o3 and DeepSeek R1 have made significant progress in mathematics and coding, yet find challenging advanced tasks such as International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) combinatorics problems, Abstraction and…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are evolving from passive observers into active agents, solving problems through Visual Expansion (invoking visual tools) and Knowledge Expansion (open-web search). However, existing evaluations fall…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Qianshan Wei , Yishan Yang , Siyi Wang , Jinglin Chen , Binyu Wang , Jiaming Wang , Shuang Chen , Zechen Li , Yang Shi , Yuqi Tang , Weining Wang , Yi Yu , Chaoyou Fu , Qi Li , Yi-Fan Zhang

The application of rule-based reinforcement learning (RL) to multimodal large language models (MLLMs) introduces unique challenges and potential deviations from findings in text-only domains, particularly for perception-heavy tasks. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zifu Wang , Junyi Zhu , Bo Tang , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Jiaqian Yu , Matthew B. Blaschko

Excellent progress has been made recently in solving ARC Challenge problems. However, it seems that new techniques may be required to push beyond 60% accuracy. Even commercial Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to 'understand' many of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Martin Andrews