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Intelligent tutoring agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly explored to deliver personalized knowledge in areas such as language learning and science education. However, their capabilities in guiding users to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jian Wang , Yinpei Dai , Yichi Zhang , Ziqiao Ma , Wenjie Li , Joyce Chai

Tutoring dialogues have gained significant attention in recent years, given the prominence of online learning and the emerging tutoring abilities of artificial intelligence (AI) agents powered by large language models (LLMs). Recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Fareya Ikram , Alexander Scarlatos , Andrew Lan

Dialogue data has been a key source for understanding learning processes, offering critical insights into how students engage in collaborative discussions and how these interactions shape their knowledge construction. The advent of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ying Na , Shihui Feng

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to estimate a student's evolving knowledge state and predict their performance on new exercises based on performance history. Many realistic classroom settings for KT are typically low-resource in data and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xinyi Gao , Qiucheng Wu , Yang Zhang , Xuechen Liu , Kaizhi Qian , Ying Xu , Shiyu Chang

Large Language Models (LLM) can struggle with reasoning ability and planning tasks. Many prompting techniques have been developed to assist with LLM reasoning, notably Chain-of-Thought (CoT); however, these techniques, too, have come under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Erik Goh , John Kos , Ashok Goel

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have reignited interest in their impact on Computer-based Learning (CBL). AI-driven tools like ChatGPT and Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) have enhanced learning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Mohsen Balavar , Wenli Yang , David Herbert , Soonja Yeom

Contextualizing problems to align with student interests can significantly improve learning outcomes. However, this task often presents scalability challenges due to resource and time constraints. Recent advancements in Large Language…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Gautam Yadav , Ying-Jui Tseng , Xiaolin Ni

Knowledge tracing (KT) models, e.g., the deep knowledge tracing (DKT) model, track an individual learner's acquisition of skills over time by examining the learner's performance on questions related to those skills. A practical limitation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Shashank Sonkar , Andrew E. Waters , Andrew S. Lan , Phillip J. Grimaldi , Richard G. Baraniuk

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as conversational partners for learning, yet the interactional dynamics supporting users' learning and engagement are understudied. We analyze the linguistic and interactional features from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Shaz Furniturewala , Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka

Interpretability tools that offer explanations in the form of a dialogue have demonstrated their efficacy in enhancing users' understanding (Slack et al., 2023; Shen et al., 2023), as one-off explanations may fall short in providing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Qianli Wang , Tatiana Anikina , Nils Feldhus , Josef van Genabith , Leonhard Hennig , Sebastian Möller

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a crucial task in intelligent education, focusing on predicting students' performance on given questions to trace their evolving knowledge. The advancement of deep learning in this field has led to deep-learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jiajun Cui , Hong Qian , Bo Jiang , Wei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve as educational tools, yet evaluating their teaching capabilities remains challenging due to the resource-intensive, context-dependent, and methodologically complex nature of teacher-student…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Yao Shi , Rongkeng Liang , Yong Xu

To improve the performance of large language models (LLMs), researchers have explored providing LLMs with textual task-solving experience via prompts. However, they rely on manual efforts to acquire and apply such experience for each task,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Jinglong Gao , Xiao Ding , Yiming Cui , Jianbai Zhao , Hepeng Wang , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

Scalable AI tutoring for procedural skill learning requires structured knowledge representations, yet constructing these representations remains a labor-intensive bottleneck. This paper introduces a new LLM-assisted text-to-model (TTM)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Rahul K. Dass , Shubham Puri , Arpit Khandelwal , Xiao Jin , Ashok K. Goel

Knowledge tracing (KT) in programming education presents unique challenges due to the complexity of coding tasks and the diverse methods students use to solve problems. Although students' questions often contain valuable signals about their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Doyoun Kim , Suin Kim , Yojan Jo

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming knowledge work by improving the quality and efficiency of tasks such as writing, coding, and data analysis. However, their growing use in education has exposed a learning-performance…

Designing dialog tutors has been challenging as it involves modeling the diverse and complex pedagogical strategies employed by human tutors. Although there have been significant recent advances in neural conversational systems using large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Jakub Macina , Nico Daheim , Lingzhi Wang , Tanmay Sinha , Manu Kapur , Iryna Gurevych , Mrinmaya Sachan

The era of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents a new opportunity for interpretability--agentic interpretability: a multi-turn conversation with an LLM wherein the LLM proactively assists human understanding by developing and leveraging a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Been Kim , John Hewitt , Neel Nanda , Noah Fiedel , Oyvind Tafjord

Feedback is one of the most crucial components to facilitate effective learning. With the rise of large language models (LLMs) in recent years, research in programming education has increasingly focused on automated feedback generation to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Niklas Scholz , Manh Hung Nguyen , Adish Singla , Tomohiro Nagashima

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) using artificial intelligence (AI) technology have shown promise in supporting learners with diverse abilities. Large language models (LLMs) provide new opportunities to incorporate personas to AI-based…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Haocong Cheng , Si Chen , Christopher Perdriau , Shriya Mokkapati , Yun Huang