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In recent years, blockchain has experienced widespread adoption across various industries, becoming integral to numerous enterprise applications. Concurrently, the rise of generative AI and LLMs has transformed human-computer interactions,…

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming society, powering applications from smartphone assistants to autonomous driving. Yet cloud-based LLM services alone cannot serve a growing class of applications, including those operating under…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Liangqi Yuan , Wenzhi Fang , Shiqiang Wang , H. Vincent Poor , Christopher G. Brinton

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) on long contexts is severely constrained by prohibitive GPU memory overhead, not training time. The primary culprits are the activations, whose memory footprints scale linearly with sequence length. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenhao Li , Daohai Yu , Gen Luo , Yuxin Zhang , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji , Yifan Wu , Jiaxin Liu , Ziyang Gong , Zimu Liao

Token filtering has been proposed to enhance the utility of large language models (LLMs) by eliminating inconsequential tokens during training. While usingfewer tokens is expected to reduce computational workloads, existing methods have not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Di Chai , Pengbo Li , Feiyuan Zhang , Yilun Jin , Han Tian , Kaiqiang Xu , Binhang Yuan , Dian Shen , Junxue Zhang , Kai Chen

Powerful large language models (LLMs) from different providers have been expensively trained and finetuned to specialize across varying domains. In this work, we introduce a new kind of Conductor model trained with reinforcement learning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Stefan Nielsen , Edoardo Cetin , Peter Schwendeman , Qi Sun , Jinglue Xu , Yujin Tang

This paper identifies and analyzes a novel vulnerability class in Model Context Protocol (MCP) based agent systems. The attack chain describes and demonstrates how benign, individually authorized tasks can be orchestrated to produce harmful…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 David Noever

The Model Context Protocol (MCP), introduced by Anthropic in November 2024 and now governed by the Linux Foundation's Agentic AI Foundation, has rapidly become the de facto standard for connecting large language model (LLM)-based agents to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Nirajan Acharya , Gaurav Kumar Gupta

Operating system schedulers suffer from a fundamental semantic gap, where kernel policies fail to understand application-specific needs, leading to suboptimal performance. We introduce SchedCP, the first framework that enables fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yusheng Zheng , Yanpeng Hu , Wei Zhang , Andi Quinn

Self-driving laboratories (SDLs) have attracted increasing attention as a means of accelerating scientific discovery; however, developing SDL software remains technically demanding. To improve accessibility, orchestration software…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Naruki Yoshikawa , Ryo Tamura

Bioinformatics tools are essential for complex computational biology tasks, yet their integration with emerging AI-agent frameworks is hindered by incompatible interfaces, heterogeneous input-output formats, and inconsistent parameter…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-03 Florensia Widjaja , Zhangtianyi Chen , Juexiao Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in planning the use of various functional tools, such as calculators and retrievers, particularly in question-answering tasks. In this paper, we expand the definition of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Hongru Wang , Huimin Wang , Lingzhi Wang , Minda Hu , Rui Wang , Boyang Xue , Hongyuan Lu , Fei Mi , Kam-Fai Wong

Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems have shown strong potential in complex reasoning and collaborative decision-making tasks. However, most existing coordination schemes rely on static or full-context routing strategies, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Changdi Yang , Fan Yang , Tianqi Li , Peiyan Dong , Joannah Nanjekye , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Pu Zhao , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

Existing LLM agents for computational materials science are constrained by pipeline-bounded architectures tied to specific simulation codes and by dependence on manually written tool functions that grow with task scope. We present MatClaw,…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-05-25 Chenmu Zhang , Boris I. Yakobson

This paper provides an in-depth technical analysis and implementation methodology of the open-source Agent-to-Agent (A2A) protocol developed by Google and the Model Context Protocol (MCP) introduced by Anthropic. While the evolution of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Cheonsu Jeong

LLM agents are beginning to invoke industrial asset-management tools through the Model Context Protocol (MCP), yet whether they can act reliably on this substrate for safety-critical \emph{Prognostics and Health Management (PHM)} is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tianjun Feng , Yunfeng Chen , Chun-Yi Tsai , Yihan Sun , Ayan Das , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Shuxin Lin , Dhaval Patel

Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly used to perform complex, multi-step workflows in regulated settings such as compliance and due diligence. However, many agentic architectures rely primarily on prompt engineering of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ananya Joshi , Michael Rudow

Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a standard interface for connecting LLM agents to external tools. Because MCP servers expose privileged operations such as shell execution, network access, and file-system manipulation to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Pengyu Sun , Qishu Jin , Enhao Huang , Zifeng Kang , Xin Liu , Dakun Shen , Song Li

Tool-using agents are increasingly expected to operate across realistic professional workflows, where they must interpret multimodal inputs, coordinate external tools, inspect intermediate artifacts, and revise their actions before…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhiqiang Liu , Wenhui Dong , Yilang Tan , Yuwen Qu , Haochen Yin , Chenyang Si

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) relies on a state machine and deterministic arithmetic to ensure reliable connections. However, traditional protocol logic driven by hard-coded state machines struggles to meet the demands of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yule Han , Kezhi Wang , Kun Yang

We introduce LEGOMem, a modular procedural memory framework for multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems in workflow automation. LEGOMem decomposes past task trajectories into reusable memory units and flexibly allocates them across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Dongge Han , Camille Couturier , Daniel Madrigal Diaz , Xuchao Zhang , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan