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Software documentation frequently becomes outdated or fails to exist entirely, yet developers need focused views of their codebase to understand complex systems. While automated reverse engineering tools can generate UML diagrams from code,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Oleg Baryshnikov , Anton M. Alekseev , Sergey I. Nikolenko

Being able to effectively read scientific plots, or chart understanding, is a central part toward building effective agents for science. However, existing multimodal large language models (MLLMs), especially open-source ones, are still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yuwei Yang , Zeyu Zhang , Yunzhong Hou , Zhuowan Li , Gaowen Liu , Ali Payani , Yuan-Sen Ting , Liang Zheng

Chart understanding presents a unique challenge for large vision-language models (LVLMs), as it requires the integration of sophisticated textual and visual reasoning capabilities. However, current LVLMs exhibit a notable imbalance between…

We propose a novel framework that leverages Visual Question Answering (VQA) models to automate the evaluation of LLM-generated data visualizations. Traditional evaluation methods often rely on human judgment, which is costly and unscalable,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 James Ford , Xingmeng Zhao , Dan Schumacher , Anthony Rios

Although multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show promise in generating chart rendering code, editing charts via code presents a greater challenge. This task demands MLLMs to integrate chart understanding and reasoning capacities,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xuanle Zhao , Xuexin Liu , Haoyue Yang , Xianzhen Luo , Fanhu Zeng , Jianling Li , Qi Shi , Chi Chen

Despite the promising results of large multimodal models (LMMs) in complex vision-language tasks that require knowledge, reasoning, and perception abilities together, we surprisingly found that these models struggle with simple tasks on…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Kai Zhang , Jianwei Yang , Jeevana Priya Inala , Chandan Singh , Jianfeng Gao , Yu Su , Chenglong Wang

Understanding infographic charts with design-driven visual elements (e.g., pictograms, icons) requires both visual recognition and reasoning, posing challenges for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, existing visual-question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Tianchi Xie , Minzhi Lin , Mengchen Liu , Yilin Ye , Changjian Chen , Shixia Liu

GRAFT is a structured multimodal benchmark designed to probe how well LLMs handle instruction following, visual reasoning, and tasks requiring tight visual textual alignment. The dataset is built around programmatically generated charts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Abhigya Verma , Sriram Puttagunta , Seganrasan Subramanian , Sravan Ramachandran

Complex chart understanding tasks demand advanced visual recognition and reasoning capabilities from multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, current research provides limited coverage of complex chart scenarios and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Duo Xu , Hao Cheng , Xin Lin , Zhen Xie , Hao Wang

Charts are ubiquitous as they help people understand and reason with data. Recently, various downstream tasks, such as chart question answering, chart2text, and fact-checking, have emerged. Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) show promise…

Clinical case formulation organizes patient symptoms and psychosocial factors into causal models, often using the 5P framework. However, constructing such graphs from therapy transcripts is time consuming and varies across clinicians. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Shreya Gupta , Prottay Kumar Adhikary , Bhavyaa Dave , Salam Michael Singh , Aniket Deroy , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Natural language is a powerful complementary modality of communication for data visualizations, such as bar and line charts. To facilitate chart-based reasoning using natural language, various downstream tasks have been introduced recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Mohammed Saidul Islam , Raian Rahman , Ahmed Masry , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Mir Tafseer Nayeem , Enamul Hoque

Neural networks are increasingly used to support decision-making. To verify their reliability and adaptability, researchers and practitioners have proposed a variety of tools and methods for tasks such as NN code verification, refactoring,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Nadia Daoudi , Jordi Cabot

Text documents with numerical values involved are widely used in various applications such as scientific research, economy, public health and journalism. However, it is difficult for readers to quickly interpret such data-involved texts and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Songheng Zhang , Lei Wang , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Qiaomu Shen , Yixin Cao , Yong Wang

Vision Language Models (VLMs) often struggle with chart understanding tasks, particularly in accurate chart description and complex reasoning. Synthetic data generation is a promising solution, while usually facing the challenge of noise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Gongyao Jiang , Qiong Luo

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) perform strongly on single-turn chart generation, their ability to support real-world exploratory data analysis remains underexplored. In practice, users iteratively refine visualizations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Manav Nitin Kapadnis , Lawanya Baghel , Atharva Naik , Carolyn Rosé

Data visualizations are central to scientific communication, journalism, and everyday decision-making, yet they are frequently prone to errors that can distort interpretation or mislead audiences. Rule-based visualization linters can flag…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Valentin Bonas , Martin Sinnona , Viviana Siless , Emmanuel Iarussi

Chart question answering (ChartQA) tasks play a critical role in interpreting and extracting insights from visualization charts. While recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) like GPT-4o have shown promise in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Yifan Wu , Lutao Yan , Leixian Shen , Yunhai Wang , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Charts are widely used to present complex information. Deriving meaningful insights in real-world contexts often requires interpreting multiple related charts together. Research on understanding multi-chart images has not been extensively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Azher Ahmed Efat , Seok Hwan Song , Wallapak Tavanapong

Data visualizations like charts are fundamental tools for quantitative analysis and decision-making across fields, requiring accurate interpretation and mathematical reasoning. The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Anku Rani , Aparna Garimella , Apoorv Saxena , Balaji Vasan Srinivasan , Paul Pu Liang