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Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have fueled growing interest in automating geospatial analysis and GIS workflows, yet their actual capabilities remain uncertain. In this work, we call for rigorous evaluation of LLMs on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Qianheng Zhang , Song Gao , Chen Wei , Yibo Zhao , Ying Nie , Ziru Chen , Shijie Chen , Yu Su , Huan Sun

The increasing demand for spatiotemporal data and modeling tasks in geosciences has made geospatial code generation technology a critical factor in enhancing productivity. Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Shuyang Hou , Zhangxiao Shen , Anqi Zhao , Jianyuan Liang , Zhipeng Gui , Xuefeng Guan , Rui Li , Huayi Wu

Analytical methods underpin geotechnical engineering practice, yet their implementation remains fragmented across error-prone spreadsheets and opaque proprietary software. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer transformative potential…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yared W. Bekele

Software development support tools have been studied for a long time, with recent approaches using Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation. These models can generate Python code for data science and machine learning applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Piotr Gramacki , Bruno Martins , Piotr Szymański

With the growing demand for spatiotemporal data processing and geospatial modeling, automating geospatial code generation has become essential for productivity. Large language models (LLMs) show promise in code generation but face…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Shuyang Hou , Zhangxiao Shen , Jianyuan Liang , Anqi Zhao , Zhipeng Gui , Rui Li , Huayi Wu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress but continue to struggle with geometric reasoning, primarily due to the perception bottleneck regarding fine-grained visual elements. While formal languages have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Peijie Wang , Ming-Liang Zhang , Jun Cao , Chao Deng , Dekang Ran , Hongda Sun , Pi Bu , Xuan Zhang , Yingyao Wang , Jun Song , Bo Zheng , Fei Yin , Cheng-Lin Liu

Geometry problem-solving remains a significant challenge for Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), requiring not only global shape recognition but also attention to intricate local relationships related to geometric theory. To address this, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Linger Deng , Yuliang Liu , Wenwen Yu , Zujia Zhang , Jianzhong Ju , Zhenbo Luo , Xiang Bai

Evaluating the symbolic reasoning of large language models (LLMs) calls for geometry benchmarks that require multi-step proofs grounded in both text and diagrams. However, existing benchmarks are often limited in scale and rarely provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yushun Zhang , Weiping Fu , Zesheng Yang , Bo Zhao , Lingling Zhang , Jian Zhang , Yumeng Fu , Jiaxing Huang , Jun Liu

Geospatial data analysis plays a crucial role in tackling intricate societal challenges such as urban planning and climate modeling. However, employing tools like GeoPandas, a prominent Python library for geospatial data manipulation,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Gaspard Merten , Gilles Dejaegere , Mahmoud Sakr

Geocoding is the task of linking a location reference to an actual geographic location and is essential for many downstream analyses of unstructured text. In this paper, we explore the challenging setting of geocoding compositional location…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Tessa Masis , Brendan O'Connor

Large language models (LLMs) are being used in data science code generation tasks, but they often struggle with complex sequential tasks, leading to logical errors. Their application to geospatial data processing is particularly challenging…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yuxing Chen , Weijie Wang , Sylvain Lobry , Camille Kurtz

The rise of spatiotemporal data and the need for efficient geospatial modeling have spurred interest in automating these tasks with large language models (LLMs). However, general LLMs often generate errors in geospatial code due to a lack…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Shuyang Hou , Anqi Zhao , Jianyuan Liang , Zhangxiao Shen , Huayi Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial progress in task automation and natural language understanding. However, without domain expertise in geographic information science (GIS), they continue to encounter limitations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Qianqian Luo , Qingming Lin , Liuchang Xu , Sensen Wu , Ruichen Mao , Chao Wang , Hailin Feng , Bo Huang , Zhenhong Du

Geometric spatial reasoning forms the foundation of many applications in artificial intelligence, yet the ability of large language models (LLMs) to operate over geometric spatial information expressed in procedural code remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shixian Luo , Zezhou Zhu , Yu Yuan , Yuncheng Yang , Lianlei Shan , Yong Wu

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have gained significant attention in both academia and industry for their capabilities in handling multi-modal tasks. However, these models face challenges in mathematical geometric reasoning due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yuhao Zhang , Dingxin Hu , Tinghao Yu , Hao Liu , Yiting Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating software code for high-level programming languages such as Python and C++. However, their application to hardware description languages, such as Verilog,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yan Tan , Xiangchen Meng , Zijun Jiang , Yangdi Lyu

As modern science becomes increasingly data-intensive, the ability to analyze and visualize large-scale, complex datasets is critical to accelerating discovery. However, many domain scientists lack the programming expertise required to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Apu Kumar Chakroborti , Yi Ding , Lipeng Wan

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in remote sensing often fail at complex analytical tasks, a limitation stemming from their end-to-end training paradigm that bypasses crucial reasoning steps and leads to unverifiable outputs. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiaqi Liu , Lang Sun , Ronghao Fu , Bo Yang

Most LLM-driven GIS assistants solve narrow single-step tasks tightly coupled to proprietary platforms such as ArcGIS or QGIS, limiting their use for the multi-step, cross-format pipelines that define professional geospatial analysis. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jinzhen Han , JinByeong Lee , Yuri Shim , Jisung Kim , Jae-Joon Lee

LLMs excel at linguistic tasks but lack the inner geospatial capabilities needed for time-critical disaster response, where reasoning about road networks, coordinates, and access to essential infrastructure such as hospitals, shelters, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ahmed El Fekih Zguir , Ferda Ofli , Muhammad Imran
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