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Merely pursuing performance may adversely affect the safety, while a conservative policy for safe exploration will degrade the performance. How to balance the safety and performance in learning-based control problems is an interesting yet…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-28 Xinyang Wang , Hongwei Zhang , Shimin Wang , Wei Xiao , Martin Guay

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are notorious for making more mistakes for the classes that have substantially fewer samples than the others during training. Such class imbalance is ubiquitous in clinical applications and very crucial to handle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Sara Sangalli , Ertunc Erdil , Andreas Hoetker , Olivio Donati , Ender Konukoglu

Developing reinforcement learning algorithms that satisfy safety constraints is becoming increasingly important in real-world applications. In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) settings, policy optimisation with safety awareness is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Shangding Gu , Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Munning Wen , Ruiqing Chen , Ziyan Wang , Zheng Tian , Jun Wang , Alois Knoll , Yaodong Yang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is central to post-training, particularly for agentic models that require specialized reasoning behaviors. In this setting, model merging offers a practical mechanism for integrating multiple RL-trained agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiangchi Yuan , Dachuan Shi , Chunhui Zhang , Zheyuan Liu , Shenglong Yao , Soroush Vosoughi , Wenke Lee

Off-policy problems such as policy staleness and training--inference mismatch have become a major bottleneck for training stability and further exploration in LLM RL. The distribution gap between the inference and updated policies grows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chenlu Ye , Xuanchang Zhang , Yifan Hao , Zhou Yu , Ziji Zhang , Abhinav Gullapalli , Hao Chen , Jing Huang , Tong Zhang

Recent studies on the safety alignment of large language models (LLMs) have revealed that existing approaches often operate superficially, leaving models vulnerable to various adversarial attacks. Despite their significance, these studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jianwei Li , Jung-Eun Kim

In safe offline reinforcement learning (RL), the objective is to develop a policy that maximizes cumulative rewards while strictly adhering to safety constraints, utilizing only offline data. Traditional methods often face difficulties in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Prajwal Koirala , Zhanhong Jiang , Soumik Sarkar , Cody Fleming

We study the Bregman Augmented Lagrangian method (BALM) for solving convex problems with linear constraints. For classical Augmented Lagrangian method, the convergence rate and its relation with the proximal point method is well-understood.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-18 Shen Yan , Niao He

Ensuring the safety of Reinforcement Learning (RL) is crucial for its deployment in real-world applications. Nevertheless, managing the trade-off between reward and safety during exploration presents a significant challenge. Improving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shangding Gu , Bilgehan Sel , Yuhao Ding , Lu Wang , Qingwei Lin , Ming Jin , Alois Knoll

By exploiting double-penalty terms for the primal subproblem, we develop a novel relaxed augmented Lagrangian method for solving a family of convex optimization problems subject to equality or inequality constraints. The method is then…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-16 Jianchao Bai , Linyuan Jia , Zheng Peng

In this paper, we investigate sequential power allocation over fast varying channels for mission-critical applications, aiming to minimize the expected sum power while guaranteeing the transmission success probability. In particular, a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Chongtao Guo , Zhengchao Li , Le Liang , Geoffrey Ye Li

Safety in reinforcement learning (RL) is a key property in both training and execution in many domains such as autonomous driving or finance. In this paper, we formalize it with a constrained RL formulation in the distributional RL setting.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Jianyi Zhang , Paul Weng

The role of natural language constraints in Safe Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is crucial, yet often overlooked. While Safe MARL has vast potential, especially in fields like robotics and autonomous vehicles, its full potential…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ziyan Wang , Meng Fang , Tristan Tomilin , Fei Fang , Yali Du

The usability of Reinforcement Learning is restricted by the large computation times it requires. Curriculum Reinforcement Learning speeds up learning by defining a helpful order in which an agent encounters tasks, i.e. from simple to hard.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Tobias Niehues , Ulla Scheler , Pascal Klink

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a challenging subarea of Reinforcement Learning due to the non-stationarity of the environments and the large dimensionality of the combined action space. Deep MARL algorithms have been applied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Yuanchao Xu , Amal Feriani , Ekram Hossain

AI systems empowered by reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms harbor the immense potential to catalyze societal advancement, yet their deployment is often impeded by significant safety concerns. Particularly in safety-critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Jiaming Ji , Jiayi Zhou , Borong Zhang , Juntao Dai , Xuehai Pan , Ruiyang Sun , Weidong Huang , Yiran Geng , Mickel Liu , Yaodong Yang

In this paper, we consider a class of convex programming problems with linear equality constraints, which finds broad applications in machine learning and signal processing. We propose a new adaptive balanced augmented Lagrangian (ABAL)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Jiageng Wu , Bo Jiang , Xinxin Li , Ya-Feng Liu , Jianhua Yuan

In this paper, we consider the problem of learning safe policies for probabilistic-constrained reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, a safe policy or controller is one that, with high probability, maintains the trajectory of the agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Weiqin Chen , Dharmashankar Subramanian , Santiago Paternain

Augmented Lagrangian Methods (ALMs) are widely employed in solving constrained optimizations, and some efficient solvers are developed based on this framework. Under the quadratic growth assumption, it is known that the dual iterates and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-31 Feng-Yi Liao , Lijun Ding , Yang Zheng

This paper addresses problems of second-order cone programming important in optimization theory and applications. The main attention is paid to the augmented Lagrangian method (ALM) for such problems considered in both exact and inexact…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-07 Nguyen T. V. Hang , Boris S. Mordukhovich , M. Ebrahim Sarabi