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Dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques help analysts to understand patterns in high-dimensional spaces. These techniques, often represented by scatter plots, are employed in diverse science domains and facilitate similarity analysis among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Wilson E. Marcílio-Jr , Danilo M. Eler , Fernando V. Paulovich , Rafael M. Martins

We explore two primary classes of approaches to dimensionality reduction (DR): Independent Dimensionality Reduction (IDR) and Simultaneous Dimensionality Reduction (SDR). In IDR methods, of which Principal Components Analysis is a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-28 Eslam Abdelaleem , Ahmed Roman , K. Michael Martini , Ilya Nemenman

Dimensionality reduction (DR) is one of the key tools for the visual exploration of high-dimensional data and uncovering its cluster structure in two- or three-dimensional spaces. The vast majority of DR methods in the literature do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Stavros Gerolymatos , Xenophon Evangelopoulos , Vladimir Gusev , John Y. Goulermas

Popular clustering algorithms based on usual distance functions (e.g., Euclidean distance) often suffer in high dimension, low sample size (HDLSS) situations, where concentration of pairwise distances has adverse effects on their…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-03 Soham Sarkar , Anil K. Ghosh

Sharpened dimensionality reduction (SDR), which belongs to the class of multidimensional projection techniques, has recently been introduced to tackle the challenges in the exploratory and visual analysis of high-dimensional data. SDR has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Jeewon Heo , Youngjoo Kim , Jos B. T. M. Roerdink

Dimension reduction (DR) algorithms have proven to be extremely useful for gaining insight into large-scale high-dimensional datasets, particularly finding clusters in transcriptomic data. The initial phase of these DR methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yingfan Wang , Yiyang Sun , Haiyang Huang , Cynthia Rudin

Dimensionality reduction techniques are widely used for visualizing high-dimensional data in two dimensions. Existing methods are typically designed to preserve either local (e.g., $t$-SNE, UMAP) or global (e.g., MDS, PCA) structure of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Noël Kury , Dmitry Kobak , Sebastian Damrich

Dimensionality reduction methods are employed to decrease data dimensionality, either to enhance machine learning performance or to facilitate data visualization in two or three-dimensional spaces. These methods typically fall into two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Berat Dogan

Dimensionality reduction is a crucial technique in data analysis, as it allows for the efficient visualization and understanding of high-dimensional datasets. The circular coordinate is one of the topological data analysis techniques…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Taejin Paik , Jaemin Park

We consider the simultaneous clustering of rows and columns of a matrix and more particularly the ability to measure the agreement between two co-clustering partitions. The new criterion we developed is based on the Adjusted Rand Index and…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-16 Valerie Robert , Yann Vasseur , Vincent Brault

A new model called Clustering with Neural Network and Index (CNNI) is introduced. CNNI uses a Neural Network to cluster data points. Training of the Neural Network mimics supervised learning, with an internal clustering evaluation index…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Gangli Liu

The vast majority of Dimensionality Reduction (DR) techniques rely on second-order statistics to define their optimization objective. Even though this provides adequate results in most cases, it comes with several shortcomings. The methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Nikolaos Passalis , Anastasios Tefas

Categorical attributes with qualitative values are ubiquitous in cluster analysis of real datasets. Unlike the Euclidean distance of numerical attributes, the categorical attributes lack well-defined relationships of their possible values…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Mingjie Zhao , Zhanpei Huang , Yang Lu , Mengke Li , Yiqun Zhang , Weifeng Su , Yiu-ming Cheung

Recently, deep clustering, which is able to perform feature learning that favors clustering tasks via deep neural networks, has achieved remarkable performance in image clustering applications. However, the existing deep clustering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Yazhou Ren , Ni Wang , Mingxia Li , Zenglin Xu

The development and use of dimension reduction methods is prevalent in modern statistical literature. This paper reviews a class of dimension reduction techniques which aim to simultaneously select relevant predictors and find clusters…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-18 Suchit Mehrotra

Intrinsic dimensionality (ID) is one of the most fundamental characteristics of multi-dimensional data point clouds. Knowing ID is crucial to choose the appropriate machine learning approach as well as to understand its behavior and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Jonathan Bac , Andrei Zinovyev

Understanding the complex structure of multivariate extremes is a major challenge in various fields from portfolio monitoring and environmental risk management to insurance. In the framework of multivariate Extreme Value Theory, a common…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-09 Hamid Jalalzai , Rémi Leluc

Due to the intrinsic complexity of high-dimensional (HD) data, dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques cannot preserve all the structural characteristics of the original data. Therefore, DR techniques focus on preserving either local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hyeon Jeon , Kwon Ko , Soohyun Lee , Jake Hyun , Taehyun Yang , Gyehun Go , Jaemin Jo , Jinwook Seo

We present a new technique for visualizing high-dimensional data called cluster MDS (cl-MDS), which addresses a common difficulty of dimensionality reduction methods: preserving both local and global structures of the original sample in a…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Patricia Hernández-León , Miguel A. Caro

Deep clustering, a method for partitioning complex, high-dimensional data using deep neural networks, presents unique evaluation challenges. Traditional clustering validation measures, designed for low-dimensional spaces, are problematic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-25 Zeya Wang , Chenglong Ye