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Hallucination is a key roadblock for applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly for enterprise applications that are sensitive to information accuracy. To address this issue, two general approaches have been explored:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xinxi Chen , Li Wang , Wei Wu , Qi Tang , Yiyao Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive ability in generation and reasoning tasks but struggle with handling up-to-date knowledge, leading to inaccuracies or hallucinations. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziting Wang , Haitao Yuan , Wei Dong , Gao Cong , Feifei Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced artificial intelligence by enabling human-like text generation and natural language understanding. However, their reliance on static training data limits their ability to respond to dynamic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Aditi Singh , Abul Ehtesham , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

The practice of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with retrieval systems, has become increasingly prevalent. However, the repercussions of LLM-derived content infiltrating the web and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Xiaoyang Chen , Ben He , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Tianshu Wang , Boxi Cao , Le Sun , Yingfei Sun

Beyond effectiveness, the robustness of an information retrieval (IR) system is increasingly attracting attention. When deployed, a critical technology such as IR should not only deliver strong performance on average but also have the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Yu-An Liu , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of information retrieval, particularly for reranking. Listwise LLM rerankers have showcased superior performance and generalizability compared to existing supervised…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Revanth Gangi Reddy , JaeHyeok Doo , Yifei Xu , Md Arafat Sultan , Deevya Swain , Avirup Sil , Heng Ji

Modern Large Language Model (LLM) systems typically rely on Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) which aims to gather context that is useful for response generation. These RAG systems typically optimize strictly towards retrieving context…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Will LeVine , Bijan Varjavand

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) empowers large language models (LLMs) to utilize external knowledge sources. The increasing capacity of LLMs to process longer input sequences opens up avenues for providing more retrieved information,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Jiawei Han , Sercan O. Arik

Multi-stage information retrieval (IR) has become a widely-adopted paradigm in search. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively evaluated as second-stage reranking models for monolingual IR, a systematic large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Longfei Zuo , Pingjun Hong , Oliver Kraus , Barbara Plank , Robert Litschko

Existing Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown the potential of reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance the complex reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models~(LLMs). While they achieve remarkable performance on challenging tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Huatong Song , Jinhao Jiang , Yingqian Min , Jie Chen , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Ji-Rong Wen

Users increasingly expect modern search systems to offer a unified interface that seamlessly retrieves information from diverse data sources and formats. However, current information retrieval (IR) evaluation benchmarks have not kept pace…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Mehmet Deniz Türkmen , Suchana Datta , Dwaipayan Roy , Daniel Hienert , Philipp Mayr , Derek Greene

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled a wide range of applications through their powerful capabilities in language understanding and generation. However, as LLMs are trained on static corpora, they face difficulties in addressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yongjie Wang , Yue Yu , Kaisong Song , Jun Lin , Zhiqi Shen

Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs), which integrate external knowledge, have shown remarkable performance in medical domains, including clinical diagnosis. However, existing RAG methods often struggle to tailor retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiawei He , Mingyi Jia , Zhihao Jia , Junwen Duan , Yan Song , Jianxin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been used as relevance assessors for Information Retrieval (IR) evaluation collection creation due to reduced cost and increased scalability as compared to human assessors. While previous research has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Samaneh Mohtadi , Gianluca Demartini

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable capabilities, are prone to generating hallucinated or outdated content due to their static internal knowledge. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrated with Reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhiwen Tan , Jiaming Huang , Qintong Wu , Hongxuan Zhang , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu

Recommender systems play a vital role in alleviating information overload and enriching users' online experience. In the era of large language models (LLMs), LLM-based recommender systems have emerged as a prevalent paradigm for advancing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zihuai Zhao , Yujuan Ding , Wenqi Fan , Qing Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in leveraging extensive external knowledge to enhance responses in multi-turn and agentic applications, such as retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xiaoqiang Lin , Aritra Ghosh , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Anshumali Shrivastava , Vijai Mohan

Search-augmented reasoning agents interleave multi-step reasoning with external information retrieval, but uncontrolled retrieval often leads to redundant evidence, context saturation, and unstable learning. Existing approaches rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Siheng Xiong , Oguzhan Gungordu , Blair Johnson , James C. Kerce , Faramarz Fekri

Large language models (LLMs) present a promising yet challenging frontier for automated source citation in scientific communication. Previous approaches to citation generation have been limited by citation ambiguity and LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Yash Saxena , Deepa Tilwani , Ali Mohammadi , Edward Raff , Amit Sheth , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Manas Gaur

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant performance improvements across various cognitive tasks. An emerging application is using LLMs to enhance retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) capabilities. These systems require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Satyapriya Krishna , Kalpesh Krishna , Anhad Mohananey , Steven Schwarcz , Adam Stambler , Shyam Upadhyay , Manaal Faruqui