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Image tokenizers play a critical role in shaping the performance of subsequent generative models. Since the introduction of VQ-GAN, discrete image tokenization has undergone remarkable advancements. Improvements in architecture,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xiang Li , Kai Qiu , Hao Chen , Jason Kuen , Jiuxiang Gu , Jindong Wang , Zhe Lin , Bhiksha Raj

Recent image generation schemes typically capture image distribution in a pre-constructed latent space relying on a frozen image tokenizer. Though the performance of tokenizer plays an essential role to the successful generation, its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Kai Qiu , Xiang Li , Jason Kuen , Hao Chen , Xiaohao Xu , Jiuxiang Gu , Yinyi Luo , Bhiksha Raj , Zhe Lin , Marios Savvides

Autoregressive image generation aims to predict the next token based on previous ones. However, this process is challenged by the bidirectional dependencies inherent in conventional image tokenizations, which creates a fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Pingyu Wu , Kai Zhu , Yu Liu , Longxiang Tang , Jian Yang , Yansong Peng , Wei Zhai , Yang Cao , Zheng-Jun Zha

The usage of deep generative models for image compression has led to impressive performance gains over classical codecs while neural video compression is still in its infancy. Here, we propose an end-to-end, deep generative modeling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Jun Han , Salvator Lombardo , Christopher Schroers , Stephan Mandt

Autoregressive decoding is the only part of sequence-to-sequence models that prevents them from massive parallelization at inference time. Non-autoregressive models enable the decoder to generate all output symbols independently in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Jindřich Libovický , Jindřich Helcl

In this paper, we take a new approach to autoregressive image generation that is based on two main ingredients. The first is wavelet image coding, which allows to tokenize the visual details of an image from coarse to fine details by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Wael Mattar , Idan Levy , Nir Sharon , Shai Dekel

Autoregressive (AR) models have recently shown strong performance in image generation, where a critical component is the visual tokenizer (VT) that maps continuous pixel inputs to discrete token sequences. The quality of the VT largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Huawei Lin , Tong Geng , Zhaozhuo Xu , Weijie Zhao

Human visual recognition system shows astonishing capability of compressing visual information into a set of tokens containing rich representations without label supervision. One critical driving principle behind it is perceptual grouping.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Zhiwei Deng , Ting Chen , Yang Li

We describe an image compression method, consisting of a nonlinear analysis transformation, a uniform quantizer, and a nonlinear synthesis transformation. The transforms are constructed in three successive stages of convolutional linear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Johannes Ballé , Valero Laparra , Eero P. Simoncelli

Autoregressive models have recently shown great promise in visual generation by leveraging discrete token sequences akin to language modeling. However, existing approaches often suffer from inefficiency, either due to token-by-token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ruiqing Yang , Kaixin Zhang , Zheng Zhang , Shan You , Tao Huang

Autoregressive modeling has been a huge success in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Recently, autoregressive models have emerged as a significant area of focus in computer vision, where they excel in producing high-quality…

Flexible image tokenizers aim to represent an image using an ordered 1D variable-length token sequence. This flexible tokenization is typically achieved through nested dropout, where a portion of trailing tokens is randomly truncated during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zixuan Fu , Lanqing Guo , Chong Wang , Binbin Song , Ding Liu , Bihan Wen

Image tokenizers map images to sequences of discrete tokens, and are a crucial component of autoregressive transformer-based image generation. The tokens are typically associated with spatial locations in the input image, arranged in raster…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Carlos Esteves , Mohammed Suhail , Ameesh Makadia

In autoregressive (AR) image generation, visual tokenizers compress images into compact discrete latent tokens, enabling efficient training of downstream autoregressive models for visual generation via next-token prediction. While scaling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tianwei Xiong , Jun Hao Liew , Zilong Huang , Jiashi Feng , Xihui Liu

Non-autoregressive generative transformers recently demonstrated impressive image generation performance, and orders of magnitude faster sampling than their autoregressive counterparts. However, optimal parallel sampling from the true joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-12 José Lezama , Huiwen Chang , Lu Jiang , Irfan Essa

Conventional wisdom holds that autoregressive models for image generation are typically accompanied by vector-quantized tokens. We observe that while a discrete-valued space can facilitate representing a categorical distribution, it is not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Tianhong Li , Yonglong Tian , He Li , Mingyang Deng , Kaiming He

We introduce LlamaGen, a new family of image generation models that apply original ``next-token prediction'' paradigm of large language models to visual generation domain. It is an affirmative answer to whether vanilla autoregressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Peize Sun , Yi Jiang , Shoufa Chen , Shilong Zhang , Bingyue Peng , Ping Luo , Zehuan Yuan

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of high-quality visual representations in image generation and have highlighted the limitations of generative models in image understanding. As a generative paradigm originally designed for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xiaoyu Yue , Zidong Wang , Yuqing Wang , Wenlong Zhang , Xihui Liu , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Luping Zhou

Autoregressive (AR) visual generators model images as sequences of discrete tokens and are trained with a next-token likelihood objective. This strict causal supervision optimizes each step based only on the immediate next token, which can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yonghao Yu , Lang Huang , Zerun Wang , Runyi Li , Toshihiko Yamasaki

We present a training-free style-aligned image generation method that leverages a scale-wise autoregressive model. While large-scale text-to-image (T2I) models, particularly diffusion-based methods, have demonstrated impressive generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jihun Park , Jongmin Gim , Kyoungmin Lee , Minseok Oh , Minwoo Choi , Jaeyeul Kim , Woo Chool Park , Sunghoon Im