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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become the standard approach for grounding large language models in information that was not available during training. While existing datasets and benchmarks focus on web or other public sources,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yuhong Sun , Joachim Rahmfeld , Chris Weaver , Weijia Chen , Roshan Desai , Wenxi Huang , Mark H. Butler

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) compensates for the static knowledge limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, producing responses with enhanced factual correctness and query-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ruobing Yao , Yifei Zhang , Shuang Song , Neng Gao , Chenyang Tu

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by connecting them to external knowledge, improving accuracy and reducing outdated information. However, this introduces challenges such as factual inconsistencies,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Armin Gerami , Kazem Faghih , Ramani Duraiswami

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (Graph RAG) is increasingly deployed to support LLM applications by augmenting user queries with structured knowledge retrieved from a knowledge graph. While Graph RAG improves relational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Minkyoo Song , Jaehan Kim , Myungchul Kang , Hanna Kim , Seungwon Shin , Sooel Son

Stealing attacks pose a persistent threat to the intellectual property of deployed machine-learning systems. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) intensifies this risk by extending the attack surface beyond model weights to knowledge base…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Mengyu Yao , Ziqi Zhang , Ning Luo , Shaofei Li , Yifeng Cai , Xiangqun Chen , Yao Guo , Ding Li

Retriever-augmented generation (RAG) has become a widely adopted approach for enhancing the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs). While current benchmarks evaluate the performance of RAG methods from various perspectives, they…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kepu Zhang , Zhongxiang Sun , Weijie Yu , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Han Li , Jun Xu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers an effective approach for addressing question answering (QA) tasks. However, the imperfections of the retrievers in RAG models often result in the retrieval of irrelevant information, which could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jinyuan Fang , Zaiqiao Meng , Craig Macdonald

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly deployed in enterprise search and document-centric assistants, where responses must be grounded in long and complex source materials. In practice, verifying that generated answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xunzhuo Liu , Bowei He , Xue Liu , Haichen Zhang , Huamin Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) expands the knowledge boundary of large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge bases, whose construction is often time-consuming and laborious. If an adversary extracts the knowledge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Changyue Jiang , Xudong Pan , Geng Hong , Chenfu Bao , Yang Chen , Min Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to leverage external knowledge, but also exposes valuable RAG databases to leakage attacks. As RAG systems grow more complex and LLMs exhibit stronger…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Maosen Zhang , Jianshuo Dong , Boting Lu , Wenyue Li , Xiaoping Zhang , Tianwei Zhang , Han Qiu

Semantic communication systems, which leverage Generative AI (GAI) to transmit semantic meaning rather than raw data, are poised to revolutionize modern communications. However, they are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, a type of poisoning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Ziyang Wei , Yili Jiang , Jiaqi Huang , Fangtian Zhong , Sohan Gyawali

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a solution to mitigate hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs to knowledge retrieved from external sources. The use of private resources and data in constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Xiao Hu , Eric Liu , Weizhou Wang , Xiangyu Guo , David Lie

Recommender systems are an essential part of any e-commerce platform. Recommendations are typically generated by aggregating large amounts of user data. A malicious actor may be motivated to sway the output of such recommender systems by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Behzad Shahrasbi , Venugopal Mani , Apoorv Reddy Arrabothu , Deepthi Sharma , Kannan Achan , Sushant Kumar

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably exhibit hallucinations since the accuracy of generated texts cannot be secured solely by the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Although retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a practicable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shi-Qi Yan , Jia-Chen Gu , Yun Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address complex user requests by decomposing them into subqueries, retrieving potentially relevant documents for each, and then aggregating them to generate an answer. Efficiently selecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Roxana Petcu , Kenton Murray , Daniel Khashabi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems for question answering typically retrieve evidence by semantic similarity between the query and document chunks. While effective for unstructured text, this approach is less reliable on…

Retrieval Augmented Language Models (RALMs) have gained significant attention for their ability to generate accurate answer and improve efficiency. However, RALMs are inherently vulnerable to imperfect information due to their reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Seong-Il Park , Jay-Yoon Lee

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems extend large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge sources but introduce new attack surfaces through the retrieval pipeline. In particular, adversaries can poison retrieval corpora so…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Scott Thornton

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge bases, but this advancement introduces significant privacy risks. Existing privacy attacks on RAG systems can trigger data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yufei Chen , Yao Wang , Haibin Zhang , Tao Gu

The paradigm of retrieval-augmented generated (RAG) helps mitigate hallucinations of large language models (LLMs). However, RAG also introduces biases contained within the retrieved documents. These biases can be amplified in scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Bryan Li , Fiona Luo , Samar Haider , Adwait Agashe , Tammy Li , Runqi Liu , Muqing Miao , Shriya Ramakrishnan , Yuan Yuan , Chris Callison-Burch
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