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LLM-based relevance judgment generation has become a crucial approach in advancing evaluation methodologies in Information Retrieval (IR). It has progressed significantly, often showing high correlation with human judgments as reflected in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Mouly Dewan , Jiqun Liu , Chirag Shah

Learning to Rank (LTR) technique is ubiquitous in the Information Retrieval system nowadays, especially in the Search Ranking application. The query-item relevance labels typically used to train the ranking model are often noisy…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Debabrata Mahapatra , Chaosheng Dong , Yetian Chen , Deqiang Meng , Michinari Momma

The two primary tasks in the search recommendation system are search relevance matching and click-through rate (CTR) prediction -- the former focuses on seeking relevant items for user queries whereas the latter forecasts which item may…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Rong Chen , Shuzhi Cao , Ailong He , Shuguang Han , Jufeng Chen

Prediction over tabular data is an essential task in many data science applications such as recommender systems, online advertising, medical treatment, etc. Tabular data is structured into rows and columns, with each row as a data sample…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Jiarui Qin , Weinan Zhang , Rong Su , Zhirong Liu , Weiwen Liu , Ruiming Tang , Xiuqiang He , Yong Yu

Recent advancements in language models (LMs) have notably enhanced their ability to reason with tabular data, primarily through program-aided mechanisms that manipulate and analyze tables. However, these methods often require the entire…

In-context learning (ICL) has become a classic approach for enabling LLMs to handle various tasks based on a few input-output examples. The effectiveness of ICL heavily relies on the quality of these examples, and previous works which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yifu Chen , Bingchen Huang , Zhiling Wang , Yuanchao Du , Junfeng Luo , Lei Shen , Zhineng chen

In-Context Learning (ICL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform new tasks by conditioning on prompts with relevant information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances ICL by incorporating retrieved documents into the LLM's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Marie Al Ghossein , Emile Contal , Alexandre Robicquet

Unbiased Learning to Rank (ULTR) aims to train unbiased ranking models from biased click logs, by explicitly modeling a generation process for user behavior and fitting click data based on examination hypothesis. Previous research found…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Mouxiang Chen , Chenghao Liu , Zemin Liu , Zhuo Li , Jianling Sun

Accurate evaluation of conversational retrieval is pivotal for advancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. However, existing conversational retrieval benchmarks suffer from costly, sparse human annotation or rigid, unnatural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Junhao Ruan , Abudukeyumu Abudula , Bei Li , Yongjing Yin , Xinyu Liu , Kechen Jiao , Xin Chen , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to reason over large-scale enterprise spreadsheets containing thousands of numeric rows, multiple linked sheets, and embedded visual content such as charts and receipts. Prior state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Anmol Gulati , Sahil Sen , Waqar Sarguroh , Kevin Paul

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely applied across multiple domains for their broad knowledge and strong reasoning capabilities. However, applying them to recommendation systems is challenging since it is hard for LLMs to extract…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yinan Zhang , Zhixi Chen , Jiazheng Jing , Zhiqi Shen

Trademark retrieval (TR) has become an important yet challenging problem due to an ever increasing trend in trademark applications and infringement incidents. There have been many promising attempts for the TR problem, which, however, fell…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Osman Tursun , Cemal Aker , Sinan Kalkan

This paper introduces the Decomposed Requirements Following Ratio (DRFR), a new metric for evaluating Large Language Models' (LLMs) ability to follow instructions. Addressing a gap in current methodologies, DRFR breaks down complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yiwei Qin , Kaiqiang Song , Yebowen Hu , Wenlin Yao , Sangwoo Cho , Xiaoyang Wang , Xuansheng Wu , Fei Liu , Pengfei Liu , Dong Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon for complex workflows, yet their ability to maintain flow of instructions remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks conflate task complexity with structural ordering, making it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Andrew Jaffe , Noah Reicin , Jinho D. Choi

Retrieval systems generally focus on web-style queries that are short and underspecified. However, advances in language models have facilitated the nascent rise of retrieval models that can understand more complex queries with diverse…

The instruction hierarchy, which establishes a priority order from system messages to user messages, conversation history, and tool outputs, is essential for ensuring consistent and safe behavior in language models (LMs). Despite its…

Table reasoning, encompassing tasks such as table question answering, fact verification, and text-to-SQL, requires precise understanding of structured tabular data, coupled with numerical computation and code manipulation for effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Fangyu Lei , Jinxiang Meng , Yiming Huang , Tinghong Chen , Yun Zhang , Shizhu He , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow user instructions is central to their reliability, safety, and usefulness. While prior studies assess instruction adherence in the model's main responses, we argue that it is also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yongchan Kwon , Shang Zhu , Federico Bianchi , Kaitlyn Zhou , James Zou

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in natural language processing tasks. However, in the field of recommender systems, due to the inherent structural discrepancy between user behavior data and natural…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Zekun Liu , Xiaowen Huang , Jitao Sang

Rubric-based evaluation has become a prevailing paradigm for evaluating instruction following in large language models (LLMs). Despite its widespread use, the reliability of these rubric-level evaluations remains unclear, calling for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Tianjun Pan , Xuan Lin , Wenyan Yang , Qianyu He , Shisong Chen , Licai Qi , Wanqing Xu , Hongwei Feng , Bo Xu , Yanghua Xiao