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This study investigates the effectiveness of several machine learning algorithms for static malware detection using the EMBER dataset, which contains feature representations of Portable Executable (PE) files. We evaluate eight…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Md Min-Ha-Zul Abedin , Tazqia Mehrub

This research focused on enhancing post-incident malware forensic investigation using reinforcement learning RL. We proposed an advanced MDP post incident malware forensics investigation model and framework to expedite post incident…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Dipo Dunsin , Mohamed Chahine Ghanem , Karim Ouazzane , Vassil Vassilev

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming more advanced and widespread and have shown their applicability to various domains, including cybersecurity. Static malware analysis is one of the most important tasks in cybersecurity; however, it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Shota Fujii , Rei Yamagishi

Motivated by the transformative impact of deep neural networks (DNNs) in various domains, researchers and anti-virus vendors have proposed DNNs for malware detection from raw bytes that do not require manual feature engineering. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Keane Lucas , Mahmood Sharif , Lujo Bauer , Michael K. Reiter , Saurabh Shintre

Many different machine learning and deep learning techniques have been successfully employed for malware detection and classification. Examples of popular learning techniques in the malware domain include Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Random…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Ritik Mehta , Olha Jurečková , Mark Stamp

The rapid growth of Cloud Computing and Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly increased the interconnection of computational resources, creating an environment where malicious software (malware) can spread rapidly. To address this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Themistoklis Diamantopoulos , Dimosthenis Natsos , Andreas L. Symeonidis

Machine learning (ML) techniques are increasingly common in security applications, such as malware and intrusion detection. However, ML models are often susceptible to evasion attacks, in which an adversary makes changes to the input (such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Liang Tong , Bo Li , Chen Hajaj , Chaowei Xiao , Ning Zhang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

It is needed to ensure the integrity of systems that process sensitive information and control many aspects of everyday life. We examine the use of machine learning algorithms to detect malware using the system calls generated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Michael R. Smith , Joe B. Ingram , Christopher C. Lamb , Timothy J. Draelos , Justin E. Doak , James B. Aimone , Conrad D. James

Malware detection have used machine learning to detect malware in programs. These applications take in raw or processed binary data to neural network models to classify as benign or malicious files. Even though this approach has proven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Xiruo Wang , Risto Miikkulainen

It is well-known that malware constantly evolves so as to evade detection and this causes the entire malware population to be non-stationary. Contrary to this fact, prior works on machine learning based Android malware detection have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Annamalai Narayanan , Liu Yang , Lihui Chen , Liu Jinliang

In malware detection, dynamic analysis extracts the runtime behavior of malware samples in a controlled environment and static analysis extracts features using reverse engineering tools. While the former faces the challenges of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Mao V. Ngo , Tram Truong-Huu , Dima Rabadi , Jia Yi Loo , Sin G. Teo

Machine learning is rapidly becoming one of the most important technology for malware traffic detection, since the continuous evolution of malware requires a constant adaptation and the ability to generalize. However, network traffic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Ivan Letteri , Antonio Di Cecco , Giuseppe Della Penna

In this research, we compare malware detection techniques based on static, dynamic, and hybrid analysis. Specifically, we train Hidden Markov Models (HMMs ) on both static and dynamic feature sets and compare the resulting detection rates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Anusha Damodaran , Fabio Di Troia , Visaggio Aaron Corrado , Thomas H. Austin , Mark Stamp

Machine Learning (ML) models have been utilized for malware detection for over two decades. Consequently, this ignited an ongoing arms race between malware authors and antivirus systems, compelling researchers to propose defenses for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Shoumik Saha , Wenxiao Wang , Yigitcan Kaya , Soheil Feizi , Tudor Dumitras

Machine Learning (ML)-based detectors are becoming essential to counter the proliferation of malware. However, common ML algorithms are not designed to cope with the dynamic nature of real-world settings, where both legitimate and malicious…

Machine learning-based static malware detectors remain vulnerable to adversarial evasion techniques, such as metamorphic engine mutations. To address this vulnerability, we propose a certifiably robust malware detection framework based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Nandakrishna Giri , Asmitha K. A. , Serena Nicolazzo , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P

The impressive growth of smartphone devices in combination with the rising ubiquity of using mobile platforms for sensitive applications such as Internet banking, have triggered a rapid increase in mobile malware. In recent literature, many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Harris Papadopoulos , Nestoras Georgiou , Charalambos Eliades , Andreas Konstantinidis

Malware detection in real-world settings must deal with evolving threats, limited labeling budgets, and uncertain predictions. Traditional classifiers, without additional mechanisms, struggle to maintain performance under concept drift in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Shae McFadden , Myles Foley , Mario D'Onghia , Chris Hicks , Vasilios Mavroudis , Nicola Paoletti , Fabio Pierazzi

Deep learning (DL) has proven to be effective in detecting sophisticated malware that is constantly evolving. Even though deep learning has alleviated the feature engineering problem, finding the most optimal DL model, in terms of neural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Austin Brown , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam

Machine learning algorithms can effectively classify malware through dynamic behavior but are susceptible to adversarial attacks. Existing attacks, however, often fail to find an effective solution in both the feature and problem spaces.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Gabriele Digregorio , Salvatore Maccarrone , Mario D'Onghia , Luigi Gallo , Michele Carminati , Mario Polino , Stefano Zanero