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Conversational human-likeness plays a central role in human-AI interaction, yet it has remained difficult to define, measure, and optimize. As a result, improvements in human-like behavior are largely driven by scale or broad supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Masum Hasan , Junjie Zhao , Ehsan Hoque

While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is widely used to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, it typically assumes homogeneous preferences across users, overlooking diverse human values and minority…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Yinhong Liu , Ahmet Üstün , Nigel Collier

Evaluation of large language models for code has primarily relied on static benchmarks, including HumanEval (Chen et al., 2021), or more recently using human preferences of LLM responses. As LLMs are increasingly used as programmer…

The prohibitive cost of evaluating large language models (LLMs) on comprehensive benchmarks necessitates the creation of small yet representative data subsets (i.e., tiny benchmarks) that enable efficient assessment while retaining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Andrew M. Bean , Nabeel Seedat , Shengzhuang Chen , Jonathan Richard Schwarz

The evaluation of music understanding in Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) requires a rigorously defined benchmark that truly tests whether models can perceive and interpret music, a standard that current data methodologies frequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Benno Weck , Pablo Puentes , Andrea Poltronieri , Satyajeet Prabhu , Dmitry Bogdanov

Aligning large language models with human preferences is critical for creating reliable and controllable AI systems. A human preference can be visualized as a high-dimensional vector where different directions represent trade-offs between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Ruochen Mao , Yuling Shi , Xiaodong Gu , Jiaheng Wei

Recently, instruction-following audio-language models have received broad attention for human-audio interaction. However, the absence of benchmarks capable of evaluating audio-centric interaction capabilities has impeded advancements in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-29 Qian Yang , Jin Xu , Wenrui Liu , Yunfei Chu , Ziyue Jiang , Xiaohuan Zhou , Yichong Leng , Yuanjun Lv , Zhou Zhao , Chang Zhou , Jingren Zhou

With advancements in large audio-language models (LALMs), which enhance large language models (LLMs) with auditory capabilities, these models are expected to demonstrate universal proficiency across various auditory tasks. While numerous…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Chih-Kai Yang , Neo S. Ho , Hung-yi Lee

Subjective ratings contain inherent noise that limits the model-human correlation, but this reliability issue is rarely quantified. In this paper, we present $\rho$-Perfect, a practical estimation of the highest achievable correlation of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Fredrik Cumlin

Evaluations of audio-language models (ALMs) -- multimodal models that take interleaved audio and text as input and output text -- are hindered by the lack of standardized benchmarks; most benchmarks measure only one or two capabilities and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Tony Lee , Haoqin Tu , Chi Heem Wong , Zijun Wang , Siwei Yang , Yifan Mai , Yuyin Zhou , Cihang Xie , Percy Liang

Human feedback is increasingly used to steer the behaviours of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, it is unclear how to collect and incorporate feedback in a way that is efficient, effective and unbiased, especially for highly subjective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Hannah Rose Kirk , Andrew M. Bean , Bertie Vidgen , Paul Röttger , Scott A. Hale

Efficient benchmarking techniques aim to lower the computational cost of evaluating LLMs by predicting full benchmark scores using only a subset of a benchmark's questions. By reframing this problem as an instance of multiple regression…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Sam Bowyer , Acyr Locatelli , Kris Cao

Large foundation models pretrained on raw web-scale data are not readily deployable without additional step of extensive alignment to human preferences. Such alignment is typically done by collecting large amounts of pairwise comparisons…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Daiwei Chen , Yi Chen , Aniket Rege , Ramya Korlakai Vinayak

Sparse linear regression is a vast field and there are many different algorithms available to build models. Two new papers published in Statistical Science study the comparative performance of several sparse regression methodologies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Owais Sarwar , Benjamin Sauk , Nikolaos V. Sahinidis

In this paper, we review state-of-the-art methods for feature selection in statistics with an application-oriented eye. Indeed, sparsity is a valuable property and the profusion of research on the topic might have provided little guidance…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-08 Dimitris Bertsimas , Jean Pauphilet , Bart Van Parys

We explore how large language models (LLMs) can enhance the proposal selection process at large user facilities, offering a scalable, consistent, and cost-effective alternative to traditional human review. Proposal selection depends on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Lijie Ding , Janell Thomson , Jon Taylor , Changwoo Do

Serendipity plays a pivotal role in enhancing user satisfaction within recommender systems, yet its evaluation poses significant challenges due to its inherently subjective nature and conceptual ambiguity. Current algorithmic approaches…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Li Kang , Yuhan Zhao , Li Chen

Current large language models (LLMs) generally show a significant performance gap in alignment between English and other languages. To bridge this gap, existing research typically leverages the model's responses in English as a reference to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xue Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Songming Zhang , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Large Audio-Language Models show consistent performance gains across speech and audio benchmarks, yet high scores may not reflect true auditory perception. If a model can answer questions without processing the acoustic signal, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Leonardo Haw-Yang Foo , Chih-Kai Yang , Chen-An Li , Ke-Han Lu , Hung-yi Lee

As language models (LMs) become increasingly powerful and widely used, it is important to quantify them for sociodemographic bias with potential for harm. Prior measures of bias are sensitive to perturbations in the templates designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Vipul Gupta , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Hugo Laurençon , Shomir Wilson , Rebecca J. Passonneau
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