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The field of deep generative modeling has grown rapidly in the last few years. With the availability of massive amounts of training data coupled with advances in scalable unsupervised learning paradigms, recent large-scale generative models…

Autonomous intelligent agents must bridge computational challenges at disparate levels of abstraction, from the low-level spaces of sensory input and motor commands to the high-level domain of abstract reasoning and planning. A key question…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Ruben van Bergen , Justus Hübotter , Alma Lago , Pablo Lanillos

Recent advances in deep learning have significantly enhanced generative AI capabilities across text, images, and audio. However, automatically evaluating the quality of these generated outputs presents ongoing challenges. Although numerous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Tian Lan , Yang-Hao Zhou , Zi-Ao Ma , Fanshu Sun , Rui-Qing Sun , Junyu Luo , Rong-Cheng Tu , Heyan Huang , Chen Xu , Zhijing Wu , Xian-Ling Mao

As AI systems evolve from static tools to dynamic agents, traditional categorical governance frameworks -- based on fixed risk tiers, levels of autonomy, or human oversight models -- are increasingly insufficient on their own. Systems built…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zeynep Engin , David Hand

Dramatic advances in generative models have resulted in near photographic quality for artificially rendered faces, animals and other objects in the natural world. In spite of such advances, a higher level understanding of vision and imagery…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Raphael Gontijo Lopes , David Ha , Douglas Eck , Jonathon Shlens

The proliferation of generative models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Diffusion Models, and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), has enabled the synthesis of high-quality multimedia data. However, these advancements have also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Arpan Mahara , Naphtali Rishe

Emotion recognition and generation have emerged as crucial topics in Artificial Intelligence research, playing a significant role in enhancing human-computer interaction within healthcare, customer service, and other fields. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Rebecca Mobbs , Dimitrios Makris , Vasileios Argyriou

Attention has long been proposed by psychologists as important for effectively dealing with the enormous sensory stimulus available in the neocortex. Inspired by the visual attention models in computational neuroscience and the need of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-02-24 Yichuan Tang , Nitish Srivastava , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

The revolutionary advancement of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) has fundamentally transformed the landscape of visual content creation and artistic expression. While remarkable progress has been made in image generation…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Tianshan Zhang , Hao Tang

We introduce a framework for learning robust visual representations that generalize to new viewpoints, backgrounds, and scene contexts. Discriminative models often learn naturally occurring spurious correlations, which cause them to fail on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Chengzhi Mao , Augustine Cha , Amogh Gupta , Hao Wang , Junfeng Yang , Carl Vondrick

Current developments in computer vision and deep learning allow to automatically generate hyper-realistic images, hardly distinguishable from real ones. In particular, human face generation achieved a stunning level of realism, opening new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Francesco Marra , Cristiano Saltori , Giulia Boato , Luisa Verdoliva

This paper studies category-level object pose estimation based on a single monocular image. Recent advances in pose-aware generative models have paved the way for addressing this challenging task using analysis-by-synthesis. The idea is to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Jiaxin Guo , Fangxun Zhong , Rong Xiong , Yunhui Liu , Yue Wang , Yiyi Liao

This review surveys the state-of-the-art in text-to-image and image-to-image generation within the scope of generative AI. We provide a comparative analysis of three prominent architectures: Variational Autoencoders, Generative Adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zineb Sordo , Eric Chagnon , Daniela Ushizima

This paper considers neural representation through the lens of active inference, a normative framework for understanding brain function. It delves into how living organisms employ generative models to minimize the discrepancy between…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-24 Giovanni Pezzulo , Leo D'Amato , Francesco Mannella , Matteo Priorelli , Toon Van de Maele , Ivilin Peev Stoianov , Karl Friston

Autonomous agents need large repertoires of skills to act reasonably on new tasks that they have not seen before. However, acquiring these skills using only a stream of high-dimensional, unstructured, and unlabeled observations is a tricky…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Andrii Zadaianchuk , Maximilian Seitzer , Georg Martius

It has been hypothesized that human-level visual perception requires a generative approach in which internal representations result from inverting a decoder. Yet today's most successful vision models are non-generative, relying on an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Jack Brady , Bernhard Schölkopf , Thomas Kipf , Simon Buchholz , Wieland Brendel

The field of controllable image generation has seen significant advancements, with various architectures improving generation layout consistency with control signals. However, contemporary methods still face challenges in bridging the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Feng Han , Yang Jiao , Shaoxiang Chen , Junhao Xu , Jingjing Chen , Yu-Gang Jiang

Deep reasoning is fundamental for solving complex tasks, especially in vision-centric scenarios that demand sequential, multimodal understanding. However, existing benchmarks typically evaluate agents with fully synthetic, single-turn…

Vision-Language Models have excelled at textual reasoning, but they often struggle with fine-grained spatial understanding and continuous action planning, failing to simulate the dynamics required for complex visual reasoning. In this work,…

Generative models are now capable of producing highly realistic images that look nearly indistinguishable from the data on which they are trained. This raises the question: if we have good enough generative models, do we still need…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Ali Jahanian , Xavier Puig , Yonglong Tian , Phillip Isola