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Semantic NLP applications often rely on dependency trees to recognize major elements of the proposition structure of sentences. Yet, while much semantic structure is indeed expressed by syntax, many phenomena are not easily read out of…

Anticipating the low energy arrangements of atoms in space is an indispensable scientific task. Modern stochastic approaches to searching for these configurations depend on the optimisation of structures to nearby local minima in the energy…

This study investigates human and ChatGPT text simplification and its relationship to dependency distance. A set of 220 sentences, with increasing grammatical difficulty as measured in a prior user study, were simplified by a human expert…

In social networks, information and influence diffuse among users as cascades. While the importance of studying cascades has been recognized in various applications, it is difficult to observe the complete structure of cascades in practice.…

The ability to produce and understand an unlimited number of different sentences is a hallmark of human language. Linguists have sought to define the essence of this generative capacity using formal grammars that describe the syntactic…

Project managers are continuously under pressure to shorten product development durations. One practical approach for reducing the project duration is lessening dependencies between different development components and teams. However, most…

Sentence simplification aims to make sentences easier to read and understand. Recent approaches have shown promising results with sequence-to-sequence models which have been developed assuming homogeneous target audiences. In this paper we…

Although self-attention networks (SANs) have advanced the state-of-the-art on various NLP tasks, one criticism of SANs is their ability of encoding positions of input words (Shaw et al., 2018). In this work, we propose to augment SANs with…

The primary goal in this thesis is to identify better syntactic constraint or bias, that is language independent but also efficiently exploitable during sentence processing. We focus on a particular syntactic construction called…

Low-resource machine translation requires methods that differ from those used for high-resource languages. This paper proposes a novel in-context learning approach to support low-resource machine translation of the Coptic language to…

We study the structure of trees minimizing their number of stable sets for given order $n$ and stability number $\alpha$. Our main result is that the edges of a non-trivial extremal tree can be partitioned into $n-\alpha$ stars, each of…

Many studies have shown that human languages tend to optimize for lower complexity and increased communication efficiency. Syntactic dependency distance, which measures the linear distance between dependent words, is often considered a key…

Conventional graph-based dependency parsers guarantee a tree structure both during training and inference. Instead, we formalize dependency parsing as the problem of independently selecting the head of each word in a sentence. Our model…

Deep neural networks for machine comprehension typically utilizes only word or character embeddings without explicitly taking advantage of structured linguistic information such as constituency trees and dependency trees. In this paper, we…

Most of the syntax-based metrics obtain the similarity by comparing the sub-structures extracted from the trees of hypothesis and reference. These sub-structures are defined by human and can't express all the information in the trees…

Recent years have witnessed a surge of biological interest in the minimum spanning tree (MST) problem for its relevance to automatic model construction using the distances between data points. Despite the increasing use of MST algorithms…

Higher-order methods for dependency parsing can partially but not fully address the issue that edges in dependency trees should be constructed at the text span/subtree level rather than word level. In this paper, we propose a new method for…

Dependency tree structures capture long-distance and syntactic relationships between words in a sentence. The syntactic relations (e.g., nominal subject, object) can potentially infer the existence of certain named entities. In addition,…

One of the most important features of spatial networks such as transportation networks, power grids, Internet, neural networks, is the existence of a cost associated with the length of links. Such a cost has a profound influence on the…

The structure of the basal ganglia is remarkably similar across a number of species (often described in terms of direct, indirect and hyperdirect pathways) and is deeply involved in decision making and action selection. In this article, we…