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Zipf's law is just one out of many universal laws proposed to describe statistical regularities in language. Here we review and critically discuss how these laws can be statistically interpreted, fitted, and tested (falsified). The modern…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-05-27 Eduardo G. Altmann , Martin Gerlach

Cooking recipes allow individuals to exchange culinary ideas and provide food preparation instructions. Due to a lack of adequate labeled data, categorizing raw recipes found online to the appropriate food genres is a challenging task in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Nazmus Sakib , G. M. Shahariar , Md. Mohsinul Kabir , Md. Kamrul Hasan , Hasan Mahmud

Understanding the innovation process, that is the underlying mechanisms through which novelties emerge, diffuse and trigger further novelties is undoubtedly of fundamental importance in many areas (biology, linguistics, social science and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-10-29 Giacomo Aletti , Irene Crimaldi

The mapping of lexical meanings to wordforms is a major feature of natural languages. While usage pressures might assign short words to frequent meanings (Zipf's law of abbreviation), the need for a productive and open-ended vocabulary,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Tiago Pimentel , Irene Nikkarinen , Kyle Mahowald , Ryan Cotterell , Damián Blasi

Multi-language recipe personalisation and recommendation is an under-explored field of information retrieval in academic and production systems. The existing gaps in our current understanding are numerous, even on fundamental questions such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Niall Twomey , Mikhail Fain , Andrey Ponikar , Nadine Sarraf

Theoretical foundations of compositional reasoning about heaps in imperative programming languages are investigated. We introduce a novel concept of compositional symbolic memory and its relevant properties. We utilize these formal…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Yurii Kostyukov , Konstantin Batoev , Dmitry Mordvinov , Michael Kostitsyn , Aleksandr Misonizhnik

The empirical evidence that human color categorization exhibits some universal patterns beyond superficial discrepancies across different cultures is a major breakthrough in cognitive science. As observed in the World Color Survey (WCS),…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-07-09 Andrea Baronchelli , Tao Gong , Andrea Puglisi , Vittorio Loreto

Most of the existing compositional generalization datasets are synthetically-generated, resulting in a lack of natural language variation. While there have been recent attempts to introduce non-synthetic datasets for compositional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Chengang Hu , Xiao Liu , Yansong Feng

We checked that the distribution of words in text should uniform, which gives Heaps' law as natural result, that is, the number of types of words can be expressed as a power law of the number of tokens within text. We developed a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-16 Kim Chol-jun

We study the relationship between vocabulary size and text length in a corpus of $75$ literary works in English, authored by six writers, distinguishing between the contributions of three grammatical classes (or ``tags,'' namely, {\it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Andrés Chacoma , Damián H. Zanette

Although recipe data are very easy to come by nowadays, it is really hard to find a complete recipe dataset - with a list of ingredients, nutrient values per ingredient, and per recipe, allergens, etc. Recipe datasets are usually collected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Gordana Ispirova , Tome Eftimov , Barbara Koroušić Seljak

Nutrition is a key factor in people's overall health. Hence, understanding the nature and dynamics of population-wide dietary preferences over time and space can be valuable in public health. To date, studies have leveraged small samples of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-04-16 Robert West , Ryen W. White , Eric Horvitz

Recipe is a set of instructions that describes how to make food. It can help people from the preparation of ingredients, food cooking process, etc. to prepare the food, and increasingly in demand on the Web. To help users find the vast…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jialiang Shi , Takahiro Komamizu , Keisuke Doman , Haruya Kyutoku , Ichiro Ide

Sharing food has become very popular with the development of social media. For many real-world applications, people are keen to know the underlying recipes of a food item. In this paper, we are interested in automatically generating cooking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Hao Wang , Guosheng Lin , Steven C. H. Hoi , Chunyan Miao

A chef's intuition about flavor, texture, and cultural identity represents tacit knowledge that is difficult to articulate yet central to culinary practice. We show that this knowledge is already encoded in FlavorGraph's 300-dimensional…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jakub Radzikowski , Josef Chen

Human language, as a typical complex system, its organization and evolution is an attractive topic for both physical and cultural researchers. In this paper, we present the first exhaustive analysis of the text organization of human speech.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-01-08 Ruokuang Lin , Qianli D. Y. Ma , Chunhua Bian

We introduce the World Wide recipe, which sets forth a framework for culturally aware and participatory data collection, and the resultant regionally diverse World Wide Dishes evaluation dataset. We also analyse bias operationalisation to…

We analyze the occurrence frequencies of over 15 million words recorded in millions of books published during the past two centuries in seven different languages. For all languages and chronological subsets of the data we confirm that two…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-12-12 Alexander M. Petersen , Joel N. Tenenbaum , Shlomo Havlin , H. Eugene Stanley , Matjaz Perc

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate and shape cultural content, ranging from narrative writing to artistic production. While these models demonstrate impressive fluency and generative capacity, prior work has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 F. Carichon , R. Rampa , G. Farnadi

Language universals have long been attributed to an innate Universal Grammar. An alternative explanation states that linguistic universals emerged independently in every language in response to shared cognitive or perceptual biases. A…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-25 Andrea Baronchelli , Vittorio Loreto , Andrea Puglisi