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The original two-way continuous-variable quantum-key-distribution (CV QKD) protocols [S. Pirandola, S. Mancini, S. Lloyd, and S. L. Braunstein, Nature Physics 4, 726 (2008)] give the security against the collective attack on the condition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-16 Maozhu Sun , Xiang Peng , Yujie Shen , Hong Guo

We propose an improved two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) protocol by adding proper random noise on the receiver's homodyne detection, the security of which is analysed against general collective attacks. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-07 Maozhu Sun , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) enables information-theoretically secure key generation between legitimate parties. To further enhance system performance, an improved two-way CV-QKD protocol has been proposed, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Yanhao Sun , Jiayu Ma , Xiangyu Wang , Song Yu , Ziyang Chen , Hong Guo

We propose an optimization method for rate-adaptive CV-QKD systems, improving the SKR by up to 15%. A single information reconciliation setup can generate secret keys up to a distance of 112 km. This enables a unified reconciliation system,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-19 Erdem Eray Cil , Jonas Berl , Laurent Schmalen

We propose a novel scheme for continuous variable quantum key distribution(CV-QKD) using the subcarrier multiplexing technique which was employed in microwave photonics. This scheme allows to distribute N channels independent Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-19 Jian Fang , Peng Huang , Guihua Zeng

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers provably secure, information-theoretic key exchange, but in long-distance scenarios without quantum repeaters, Trusted Nodes (TNs) are commonly employed despite introducing critical security risks. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Sumit Chaudhary , Davide Li Calsi , JinHyeock Choi , Marc Geitz , Janis Nötzel

Coherent one-way quantum key distribution (COW-QKD) has been widely investigated, and even been deployed in real-world quantum network. However, the proposal of the zero-error attack has critically undermined its security guarantees, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Xiao-Yu Cao , Xiao-Ran Sun , Ming-Yang Li , Yu-Shuo Lu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We investigate the composable security of unidimensional contin- uous variable quantum key distribution (UCVQKD), which is based on the Gaussian modulation of a single quadrature of the coherent-state of light, aiming to provide a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-08 Qin Liao , Ying Guo , Cailang Xie , Duang Huang , Peng Huang , Guihua Zeng

We investigate the security of continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) using coherent states in the presence of quadrature excess noise. We consider an eavesdropping attack which uses a linear amplifier and beam splitter.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ryo Namiki , Takuya Hirano

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a means of generating keys between a pair of computing hosts that is theoretically secure against cryptanalysis, even by a quantum computer. Although there is much active research into improving the QKD…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Piotr K. Tysowski , Xinhua Ling , Norbert Lütkenhaus , Michele Mosca

Designing a practical Continuous Variable (CV) Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system requires an estimation of the quantum channel characteristics and the extraction of secure key bits based on a large number of distributed quantum signals.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Xiaoyu Ai , Robert Malaney

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the best candidate for securing communications against attackers, who may in the future exploit quantum-enhanced computational powers to break classical encryption. As such, new challenges are arising from…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that allows secure key exchange between two distant users. A widespread adoption of QKD requires the development of simple, low-cost, and stable systems. However, implementation of the current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 Di Ma , Xin Liu , Chunfeng Huang , Huasheng Chen , Huanbin Lin , Kejin Wei

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two distant users to exchange a secret key with information-theoretic security, based on the fundamental laws of quantum physics. While it is arguably the most mature application of quantum…

Ongoing technological progress is accelerating the commercial and global-scale deployment of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Its ability to enable unconditionally secure communication is expected to be a key feature of future…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Davide Scalcon , Matteo Padovan , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone , Marco Avesani

Quantum key distribution (QKD) establishes secure links between remote communication parties. As a key problem for various QKD protocols, security analysis gives the amount of secure keys regardless of the eavesdropper's computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Hongyi Zhou , Toshihiko Sasaki , Masato Koashi

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) schemes are key exchange protocols based on the physical properties of quantum channels. They avoid the computational-hardness assumptions that underlie the security of classical key exchange.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Arpan Akash Ray , Boris Skoric

We propose an efficient logical layer-based reconciliation method for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) to extract binary information from correlated Gaussian variables. We demonstrate that by operating on the raw-data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-09 Laszlo Gyongyosi , Sandor Imre

Quantum key distribution (QKD) serves as a cornerstone of secure quantum communication, providing unconditional security grounded in quantum mechanics. While trusted-node networks have facilitated early QKD deployment, their vulnerability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Jingyang Liu , Xingyu Zhou , Huajian Ding , Jiaxin Xu , Chunhui Zhang , Jian Li , Qin Wang

We address continuous variable quantum key distribution (QKD) in non-Markovian lossy channels and show how the non-Markovian features may be exploited to enhance security and/or to detect the presence and the position of an eavesdropper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Ruggero Vasile , Stefano Olivares , Matteo G A Paris , Sabrina Maniscalco