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Related papers: Physical Foundation Models: Fixed hardware impleme…

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We present PDE-FM, a modular foundation model for physics-informed machine learning that unifies spatial, spectral, and temporal reasoning across heterogeneous partial differential equation (PDE) systems. PDE-FM combines spatial-spectral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Eduardo Soares , Emilio Vital Brazil , Victor Shirasuna , Breno W. S. R. de Carvalho , Cristiano Malossi

Foundation Models have demonstrated significant success across various domains in Artificial Intelligence (AI), yet their capabilities for brainwave modeling remain unclear. In this paper, we comprehensively evaluate current Large Brainwave…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Na Lee , Konstantinos Barmpas , Yannis Panagakis , Dimitrios Adamos , Nikolaos Laskaris , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Functional MRI (fMRI) is crucial for studying brain function and diagnosing neurological disorders. However, existing analysis methods suffer from reproducibility and transferability challenges due to complex preprocessing pipelines and…

Foundation models (FMs) such as large language models have revolutionized the field of AI by showing remarkable performance in various tasks. However, they exhibit numerous limitations that prevent their broader adoption in many real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Debarun Bhattacharjya , Junkyu Lee , Don Joven Agravante , Balaji Ganesan , Radu Marinescu

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) are emerging as strong foundation models that can do both generation and understanding tasks in a single architecture. However, they are typically trained in centralized settings where all training and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Zhaolong Su , Leheng Zhao , Xiaoying Wu , Ziyue Xu , Jindong Wang

Foundation models for computational pathology are expected to facilitate the development of high-performing, generalisable deep learning systems. However, in addition to biologically relevant features, current foundation models also capture…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are composed of neurons that exhibit various behaviors and roles, which become increasingly diversified as models scale. Recent studies have revealed that not all neurons are active across different datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Haoyun Xu , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

Artificial intelligence (AI) research today is largely driven by ever-larger neural network models trained on graphics processing units (GPUs). This paradigm has yielded remarkable progress, but it also risks entrenching a hardware lottery…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Bipin Rajendran , Osvaldo Simeone , Bashir M. Al-Hashimi

Foundation models are widely employed in medical image analysis, due to their high adaptability and generalizability for downstream tasks. With the increasing number of foundation models being released, model selection has become an…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-27 Fuping Wu , Bartlomiej W. Papiez

The power of foundation models (FMs) lies in their capacity to learn highly expressive representations that can be adapted to a broad spectrum of tasks. However, these pretrained models require additional training stages to become effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jacob L. Block , Sundararajan Srinivasan , Liam Collins , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai

We propose a Pretrained Finite Element Method (PFEM),a physics driven framework that bridges the efficiency of neural operator learning with the accuracy and robustness of classical finite element methods (FEM). PFEM consists of a physics…

AI-communication integration is widely regarded as a core enabling technology for 6G. Most existing AI-based physical-layer designs rely on task-specific models that are separately tailored to individual modules, resulting in poor…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-19 Xiang Cheng , Boxun Liu , Xuanyu Liu , Xuesong Cai

The development of tabular foundation models (TFMs) has accelerated in recent years, showing strong potential to outperform traditional ML methods for structured data. A key finding is that TFMs can be pretrained entirely on synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Matthew Peroni , Franck Le , Vadim Sheinin

Methods from machine learning (ML) have transformed the implementation of Perception-Cognition-Communication-Action loops in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and the Internet of Things (IoT), replacing mechanistic and basic statistical models…

Vision foundation models exhibit impressive power, benefiting from the extremely large model capacity and broad training data. However, in practice, downstream scenarios may only support a small model due to the limited computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Shoukai Xu , Jiangchao Yao , Ran Luo , Shuhai Zhang , Zihao Lian , Mingkui Tan , Bo Han , Yaowei Wang

Large models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence, powering applications in natural language processing, computer vision, and multimodal learning. However, fully…

This study introduces a physics-based machine learning framework for modeling both brittle and ductile fractures. Unlike physics-informed neural networks, which solve partial differential equations by embedding physical laws as soft…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Fadi Aldakheel , Elsayed S. Elsayed , Yousef Heider , Oliver Weeger

Although the applications of artificial intelligence especially deep learning had greatly improved various aspects of intelligent manufacturing, they still face challenges for wide employment due to the poor generalization ability,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Haotian Zhang , Semujju Stuart Dereck , Zhicheng Wang , Xianwei Lv , Kang Xu , Liang Wu , Ye Jia , Jing Wu , Zhuo Long , Wensheng Liang , X. G. Ma , Ruiyan Zhuang

Over the recent years, the field of robotics has been undergoing a transformative paradigm shift from fixed, single-task, domain-specific solutions towards adaptive, multi-function, general-purpose agents, capable of operating in complex,…

Recent work in scientific machine learning has developed so-called physics-informed neural network (PINN) models. The typical approach is to incorporate physical domain knowledge as soft constraints on an empirical loss function and use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Aditi S. Krishnapriyan , Amir Gholami , Shandian Zhe , Robert M. Kirby , Michael W. Mahoney