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Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) paradigms in autonomous driving primarily rely on Imitation Learning (IL), which introduces inherent challenges such as distribution shift and causal confusion. Online Reinforcement Learning offers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Haoyu Fu , Diankun Zhang , Zongchuang Zhao , Jianfeng Cui , Hongwei Xie , Bing Wang , Guang Chen , Dingkang Liang , Xiang Bai

The pursuit of robot generalists, agents capable of performing diverse tasks across diverse environments, demands rigorous and scalable evaluation. Yet real-world testing of robot policies remains fundamentally constrained: it is…

A generalist robotic policy needs both semantic understanding for task planning and the ability to interact with the environment through predictive capabilities. To tackle this, we present MM-ACT, a unified Vision-Language-Action (VLA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Haotian Liang , Xinyi Chen , Bin Wang , Mingkang Chen , Yitian Liu , Yuhao Zhang , Zanxin Chen , Tianshuo Yang , Yilun Chen , Jiangmiao Pang , Dong Liu , Xiaokang Yang , Yao Mu , Wenqi Shao , Ping Luo

Robotic manipulation, a key frontier in robotics and embodied AI, requires precise motor control and multimodal understanding, yet traditional rule-based methods fail to scale or generalize in unstructured, novel environments. In recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Rui Shao , Wei Li , Lingsen Zhang , Renshan Zhang , Zhiyang Liu , Ran Chen , Liqiang Nie

Efficiently predicting motion plans directly from vision remains a fundamental challenge in robotics, where planning typically requires explicit goal specification and task-specific design. Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models infer…

Learning universal policies from cross-embodied data remains a fundamental challenge in robotics. Although Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are pre-trained on large and diverse datasets, they typically rely on embodiment-specific…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Boyu Li , Chaoyi Xu , Haoqi Yuan , Xinrun Xu , Börje F. Karlsson , Dongbin Zhao , Haoran Li , Zongqing Lu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models leverage pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) to couple perception with robotic control, offering a promising path toward general-purpose embodied intelligence. However, current SOTA VLAs are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yandu Chen , Kefan Gu , Yuqing Wen , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Liqiang Nie

In the domain of humanoid robot control, the fusion of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) with whole-body control is essential for semantically guided execution of real-world tasks. However, existing methods encounter challenges in terms of low…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Weikai Qin , Sichen Wu , Ci Chen , Mengfan Liu , Linxi Feng , Xinru Cui , Haoqi Han , Hesheng Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising path to realizing generalist embodied agents that can quickly adapt to new tasks, modalities, and environments. However, methods for interpreting and steering VLAs fall far short of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Bear Häon , Kaylene Stocking , Ian Chuang , Claire Tomlin

Despite progress, Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) are limited by a scarcity of large-scale, diverse robot data. While human manipulation videos offer a rich alternative, existing methods are forced to choose between small,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Hao Luo , Ye Wang , Wanpeng Zhang , Haoqi Yuan , Yicheng Feng , Haiweng Xu , Sipeng Zheng , Zongqing Lu

Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hugo Buurmeijer , Carmen Amo Alonso , Aiden Swann , Marco Pavone

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have shown potential in leveraging pretrained vision-language models and diverse robot demonstrations for learning generalizable sensorimotor control. While this paradigm effectively utilizes large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Qingqing Zhao , Yao Lu , Moo Jin Kim , Zipeng Fu , Zhuoyang Zhang , Yecheng Wu , Zhaoshuo Li , Qianli Ma , Song Han , Chelsea Finn , Ankur Handa , Ming-Yu Liu , Donglai Xiang , Gordon Wetzstein , Tsung-Yi Lin

World models, which are predictive representations of how environments evolve under actions, have become a central component of robot learning. They support policy learning, planning, simulation, evaluation, data generation, and have…

Prevailing Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) for robotic manipulation are built upon vision-language backbones pretrained on large-scale, but disconnected static web data. As a result, despite improved semantic generalization, the policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Jonas Pai , Liam Achenbach , Victoriano Montesinos , Benedek Forrai , Oier Mees , Elvis Nava

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models trained via imitation learning suffer from significant performance degradation in data-scarce scenarios due to their reliance on large-scale demonstration datasets. Although reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Junjin Xiao , Yandan Yang , Xinyuan Chang , Ronghan Chen , Feng Xiong , Mu Xu , Wei-Shi Zheng , Qing Zhang

Recent innovations in multimodal action models represent a promising direction for developing general-purpose agentic systems, combining visual understanding, language comprehension, and action generation. We introduce MultiNet - a novel,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Pranav Guruprasad , Yangyue Wang , Sudipta Chowdhury , Jaewoo Song , Harshvardhan Sikka

Humanoid robots require precise locomotion and dexterous manipulation to perform challenging loco-manipulation tasks. Yet existing approaches, modular or end-to-end, are deficient in manipulation-aware locomotion. This confines the robot to…

Humans act with context and intention, with reasoning playing a central role. While internet-scale data has enabled broad reasoning capabilities in AI systems, grounding these abilities in physical action remains a major challenge. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Peijun Tang , Shangjin Xie , Binyan Sun , Baifu Huang , Kuncheng Luo , Haotian Yang , Weiqi Jin , Jianan Wang

Recent world-model-based Vision-Language-Action (VLA) architectures have improved robotic manipulation through predictive visual foresight. However, dense future prediction introduces visual redundancy and accumulates errors, causing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Minghao Jin , Mozheng Liao , Mingfei Han , Zhihui Li , Xiaojun Chang

Pretrained video generation models provide strong priors for robot control, but existing unified world action models still struggle to decode reliable actions without substantial robot-specific training. We attribute this limitation to a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Liaoyuan Fan , Zetian Xu , Chen Cao , Wenyao Zhang , Mingqi Yuan , Jiayu Chen