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When minimizing the empirical risk in binary classification, it is a common practice to replace the zero-one loss with a surrogate loss to make the learning objective feasible to optimize. Examples of well-known surrogate losses for binary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-07 Nontawat Charoenphakdee , Jongyeong Lee , Masashi Sugiyama

We study an extension of contextual stochastic linear optimization (CSLO) that, in contrast to most of the existing literature, involves inequality constraints that depend on uncertain parameters predicted by a machine learning model. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Hyungki Im , Wyame Benslimane , Paul Grigas

Learning with non-modular losses is an important problem when sets of predictions are made simultaneously. The main tools for constructing convex surrogate loss functions for set prediction are margin rescaling and slack rescaling. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-16 Jiaqian Yu , Matthew Blaschko

We study the consistency of surrogate risks for robust binary classification. It is common to learn robust classifiers by adversarial training, which seeks to minimize the expected $0$-$1$ loss when each example can be maliciously corrupted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Natalie Frank , Jonathan Niles-Weed

We study consistency properties of machine learning methods based on minimizing convex surrogates. We extend the recent framework of Osokin et al. (2017) for the quantitative analysis of consistency properties to the case of inconsistent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Kirill Struminsky , Simon Lacoste-Julien , Anton Osokin

Deep learning and model predictive control (MPC) can play complementary roles in legged robotics. However, integrating learned models with online planning remains challenging. When dynamics are learned with neural networks, three key…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Samuel A. Moore , Easop Lee , Boyuan Chen

We consider neural network training, in applications in which there are many possible classes, but at test-time, the task is a binary classification task of determining whether the given example belongs to a specific class, where the class…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-18 Gil Keren , Sivan Sabato , Björn Schuller

The top-k error is a common measure of performance in machine learning and computer vision. In practice, top-k classification is typically performed with deep neural networks trained with the cross-entropy loss. Theoretical results indeed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Leonard Berrada , Andrew Zisserman , M. Pawan Kumar

Penalized empirical risk minimization with a surrogate loss function is often used to learn a high-dimensional linear decision rule in classification problems. Although much of the literature focus on the generalization error, there is a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-06 Muxuan Liang , Yang Ning , Maureen A Smith , Ying-Qi Zhao

In multiclass classification over $n$ outcomes, the outcomes must be embedded into the reals with dimension at least $n-1$ in order to design a consistent surrogate loss that leads to the "correct" classification, regardless of the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Enrique Nueve , Bo Waggoner , Dhamma Kimpara , Jessie Finocchiaro

We present a detailed study of estimation errors in terms of surrogate loss estimation errors. We refer to such guarantees as $\mathscr{H}$-consistency estimation error bounds, since they account for the hypothesis set $\mathscr{H}$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Pranjal Awasthi , Anqi Mao , Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

Adversarially robust classification seeks a classifier that is insensitive to adversarial perturbations of test patterns. This problem is often formulated via a minimax objective, where the target loss is the worst-case value of the 0-1…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-14 Han Bao , Clayton Scott , Masashi Sugiyama

We present a comprehensive study of surrogate loss functions for learning to defer. We introduce a broad family of surrogate losses, parameterized by a non-increasing function $\Psi$, and establish their realizable $H$-consistency under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Anqi Mao , Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

This paper aims to understand whether machine learning models should be trained using cost-sensitive surrogates or cost-agnostic ones (e.g., cross-entropy). Analyzing this question through the lens of $\mathcal{H}$-calibration, we find that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Sanket Shah , Milind Tambe , Jessie Finocchiaro

The minimization of loss functions is the heart and soul of Machine Learning. In this paper, we propose an off-the-shelf optimization approach that can minimize virtually any non-differentiable and non-decomposable loss function (e.g.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Josif Grabocka , Randolf Scholz , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Labeling a training set is often expensive and susceptible to errors, making the design of robust loss functions for label noise an important problem. The symmetry condition provides theoretical guarantees for robustness to such noise. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Alexandre Lemire Paquin , Brahim Chaib-Draa , Philippe Giguère

In statistical learning theory, convex surrogates of the 0-1 loss are highly preferred because of the computational and theoretical virtues that convexity brings in. This is of more importance if we consider smooth surrogates as witnessed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-02-11 Mehrdad Mahdavi , Lijun Zhang , Rong Jin

Multiclass multilabel classification is the task of attributing multiple labels to examples via predictions. Current models formulate a reduction of the multilabel setting into either multiple binary classifications or multiclass…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Gabriel Bénédict , Vincent Koops , Daan Odijk , Maarten de Rijke

In this paper we refine the process of computing calibration functions for a number of multiclass classification surrogate losses. Calibration functions are a powerful tool for easily converting bounds for the surrogate risk (which can be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-09-22 Bernardo Ávila Pires , Csaba Szepesvári

We study losses for binary classification and class probability estimation and extend the understanding of them from margin losses to general composite losses which are the composition of a proper loss with a link function. We characterise…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-12-18 Mark D. Reid , Robert C. Williamson