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The Amazon rainforest and the AMOC are considered to be tipping elements: they are important components of the Earth system, but may collapse under climate change. Moreover, an AMOC collapse may favor the transition of the rainforest to a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Valérian Jacques-Dumas , Henk A. Dijkstra

With the recent increase in deforestation, forest fires, and regional temperatures, the concerns around the rapid and complete collapse of the Amazon rainforest ecosystem have heightened. The thresholds of deforestation and the temperature…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-07-04 Adam Giammarese , Jacob Brown , Nishant Malik

With rising global temperatures Earth's tipping elements are becoming increasingly more vulnerable to crossing their critical thresholds. The reaching of such tipping points does not only impact other tipping elements through their…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-05-08 Tom Bdolach , Jürgen Kurths , Serhiy Yanchuk

Amazon forest dieback is seen as a potential tipping point under climate change. These concerns are partly based-on an early coupled climate-carbon cycle simulation, that produced unusually strong drying and warming in Amazonia. In…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-12-14 Isobel Parry , Paul Ritchie , Peter Cox

Declines in resilience have been observed in several climate tipping elements over the past decades, including the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and the Amazon rainforest (AR). Large-scale nonlinear and possibly…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Annika Högner , Giorgia Di Capua , Jonathan F. Donges , Reik V. Donner , Georg Feulner , Nico Wunderling

The Amazon floodplains represent important surfaces of highly valuable ecosystems, yet they remain neglected from protected areas. While the efficiency of the protected area network of the Amazon basin may be jeopardised by climate change,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-03 Nicolas Dubos , Maxime Lenormand , Leandro Castello , Thierry Oberdorff , Antoine Guisan , Sandra Luque

The Amazon rainforest is considered one of the Earth's tipping elements and may lose stability under ongoing climate change. Recently a decrease in tropical rainforest resilience has been identified globally from remotely sensed vegetation…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Vitus Benson , Jonathan F. Donges , Niklas Boers , Marina Hirota , Andreas Morr , Arie Staal , Jürgen Vollmer , Nico Wunderling

The Amazon rain forest is a vital ecosystem that plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate and providing habitat for countless species. Deforestation in the Amazon is a major concern as it has a significant impact on global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Nathalie Neptune , Josiane Mothe

This paper undertakes an analysis of deforestation in the Amazon area using a pathways-based approach to sustainability. We ground the analysis primarily in the sustainability transitions literature but also draw a bridge with…

Tipping points occur in diverse systems in various disciplines such as ecology, climate science, economy or engineering. Tipping points are critical thresholds in system parameters or state variables at which a tiny perturbation can lead to…

Tipping elements in the climate system are large-scale subregions of the Earth that might possess threshold behavior under global warming with large potential impacts on human societies. Here, we study a subset of five tipping elements and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Nico Wunderling , Maximilian Gelbrecht , Ricarda Winkelmann , Jürgen Kurths , Jonathan Donges

Understanding how vegetation loss alters rainfall remains a major challenge in climate and hydrological science, as deforestation modifies precipitation through heterogeneous, seasonal and nonlinear land-atmosphere feedbacks. Existing…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Lilly Horvath-Makkos , Fayyaz Minhas

This review synthesizes recent advancements in understanding tipping points and cascading transitions within the Earth system, framing them through the lens of nonlinear dynamics and complexity science. It outlines the fundamental concepts…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Sheng Fang , Ziyan Wang , Jürgen Kurths , Jingfang Fan

In this paper, we discuss the impact of a rain forest canopy on the statistical characteristics of atmospheric turbulence. This issue is of particular interest for understanding on how the Amazon terrestrial biosphere interact with the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Fernando M. Ramos , Mauricio J. A. Bolzan , Leonardo D. A. Sa , Reinaldo R. Rosa

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the climate system and considered to be a tipping element. There is still a large uncertainty on the critical global warming level at which the AMOC will start to…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 René M. van Westen , Elian Y. P. Vanderborght , Michael Kliphuis , Henk A. Dijkstra

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a tipping element of the climate system. The current estimate of the global warming threshold for the onset of an AMOC collapse is +4.0C (uncertainty range 1.4-8C). However, such a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 René M. van Westen , Reyk Börner , Henk A. Dijkstra

Accurate forecasting is important for decision-makers. Recently, the Amazon rainforest is reaching record levels of the number of fires, a situation that concerns both climate and public health problems. Obtaining the desired forecasting…

Tipping elements of the Earth system may shift abruptly and irreversibly from one state to another at tipping points, resulting in a growing threat to our society. Yet, it is not fully clear how to assess and quantify the influence of a…

Vital parts of the climate system, such as the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, are at risk even within the aspired aims of the Paris Agreement to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 -- 2{\deg}C. These so-called natural tipping elements are…

Recently the global average temperature has temporarily exceeded the 1.5{\deg}C goal of the Paris Agreement, and so an overshoot of various climate tipping elements becomes increasingly likely. In this study we analyze the physical…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Jelle Soons , Tobias Grafke , René M. van Westen , Henk A. Dijkstra
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