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The internal representations learned by deep networks are often sensitive to architecture-specific choices, raising questions about the stability, alignment, and transferability of learned structure across models. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Saleh Nikooroo , Thomas Engel

While modern deep networks have demonstrated remarkable versatility, their training dynamics remain poorly understood--often driven more by empirical tweaks than architectural insight. This paper investigates how internal structural choices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Saleh Nikooroo , Thomas Engel

Deep neural networks come in many sizes and architectures. The choice of architecture, in conjunction with the dataset and learning algorithm, is commonly understood to affect the learned neural representations. Yet, recent results have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Loek van Rossem , Andrew M. Saxe

A large body of research in continual learning is devoted to overcoming the catastrophic forgetting of neural networks by designing new algorithms that are robust to the distribution shifts. However, the majority of these works are strictly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Seyed Iman Mirzadeh , Arslan Chaudhry , Dong Yin , Timothy Nguyen , Razvan Pascanu , Dilan Gorur , Mehrdad Farajtabar

Continual learning algorithms strive to acquire new knowledge while preserving prior information. Often, these algorithms emphasise stability and restrict network updates upon learning new tasks. In many cases, such restrictions come at a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Daniel Anthes , Sushrut Thorat , Peter König , Tim C. Kietzmann

The quest for Continual Learning (CL) seeks to empower neural networks with the ability to learn and adapt incrementally. Central to this pursuit is addressing the stability-plasticity dilemma, which involves striking a balance between two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Aojun Lu , Hangjie Yuan , Tao Feng , Yanan Sun

A key factor in the success of deep neural networks is the ability to scale models to improve performance by varying the architecture depth and width. This simple property of neural network design has resulted in highly effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Thao Nguyen , Maithra Raghu , Simon Kornblith

Research in the field of Continual Semantic Segmentation is mainly investigating novel learning algorithms to overcome catastrophic forgetting of neural networks. Most recent publications have focused on improving learning algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Tobias Kalb , Niket Ahuja , Jingxing Zhou , Jürgen Beyerer

Identifying and explaining the structure of complex networks at different scales has become an important problem across disciplines. At the mesoscale, modular architecture has attracted most of the attention. At the macroscale, other…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-11-09 María J. Palazzi , Javier Borge-Holthoefer , Claudio Tessone , Albert Solé-Ribalta

Continual learning requires incremental compatibility with a sequence of tasks. However, the design of model architecture remains an open question: In general, learning all tasks with a shared set of parameters suffers from severe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Liyuan Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Qian Li , Jun Zhu , Yi Zhong

Despite the remarkable success of large large-scale neural networks, we still lack unified notation for thinking about and describing their representational spaces. We lack methods to reliably describe how their representations are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Henry Conklin

Understanding how biological constraints shape neural computation is a central goal of computational neuroscience. Spatially embedded recurrent neural networks provide a promising avenue to study how modelled constraints shape the combined…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Cornelia Sheeran , Andrew S. Ham , Duncan E. Astle , Jascha Achterberg , Danyal Akarca

Continual learning requires models to adapt to new data while preserving previously acquired knowledge. At its core, this challenge can be viewed as principled one-step adaptation: incorporating new information with minimal interference to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jiaqi Sun , Boyang Sun , Rasmy M. H. , Xiangchen Song , Kun Zhang

Structural modularity is a pervasive feature of biological neural networks, which have been linked to several functional and computational advantages. Yet, the use of modular architectures in artificial neural networks has been relatively…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Mani Hamidi , Sina Khajehabdollahi , Emmanouil Giannakakis , Tim Schäfer , Anna Levina , Charley M. Wu

Neural models learn representations of high-dimensional data on low-dimensional manifolds. Multiple factors, including stochasticities in the training process, model architectures, and additional inductive biases, may induce different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hanlin Yu , Berfin Inal , Georgios Arvanitidis , Soren Hauberg , Francesco Locatello , Marco Fumero

Compositionality is a key strategy for addressing combinatorial complexity and the curse of dimensionality. Recent work has shown that compositional solutions can be learned and offer substantial gains across a variety of domains, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Clemens Rosenbaum , Ignacio Cases , Matthew Riemer , Tim Klinger

Although it is unambiguously agreed that structure plays a fundamental role in shaping the dynamics of complex systems, this intricate relationship still remains unclear. We investigate a general computational transformation by which we can…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-05-13 Jie Zhang , Changsong Zhou , Xiaoke Xu , Michael Small

Machine learning methods can be unreliable when deployed in domains that differ from the domains on which they were trained. There are a wide range of proposals for mitigating this problem by learning representations that are ``invariant''…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-09 Zihao Wang , Victor Veitch

Artificial intelligence, particularly the subfield of machine learning, has seen a paradigm shift towards data-driven models that learn from and adapt to data. This has resulted in unprecedented advancements in various domains such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Leonardo Petrini

Our theoretical understanding of deep learning has not kept pace with its empirical success. While network architecture is known to be critical, we do not yet understand its effect on learned representations and network behavior, or how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Andrew M. Saxe , Shagun Sodhani , Sam Lewallen
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