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Virtual cell modeling aims to predict cellular responses to perturbations. Existing virtual cell models rely heavily on large-scale single-cell datasets, learning explicit mappings between gene expression and perturbations. Although recent…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-02 Zhijian Wei , Runze Ma , Zichen Wang , Zhongmin Li , Shuotong Song , Shuangjia Zheng

Drug discovery is fundamentally a process of inferring the effects of treatments on patients, and would therefore benefit immensely from computational models that can reliably simulate patient responses, enabling researchers to generate and…

We introduce a comprehensive framework for modeling single cell transcriptomic responses to perturbations, aimed at standardizing benchmarking in this rapidly evolving field. Our approach includes a modular and user-friendly model…

Artificial Intelligence Virtual Cells (AIVCs) aim to learn executable, decision-relevant models of cell state from multimodal, multiscale measurements. Recent studies have introduced single-cell and spatial foundation models, improved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Chengpeng Hu , Calvin Yu-Chian Chen

Virtual cell models aim to enable in silico experimentation by predicting how cells respond to genetic, chemical, or cytokine perturbations from single-cell measurements. In practice, however, large-scale perturbation prediction remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Shuizhou Chen , Lang Yu , Kedu Jin , Songming Zhang , Hao Wu , Wenxuan Huang , Sheng Xu , Quan Qian , Qin Chen , Lei Bai , Siqi Sun , Zhangyang Gao

On the way towards general Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems that are able to answer arbitrary questions, the need arises for evaluation beyond single-metric leaderboards for specific datasets. To this end, we propose a browser-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Dirk Väth , Pascal Tilli , Ngoc Thang Vu

Recent advances in machine learning and large-scale biological data collections have revived the prospect of building a virtual cell, a computational model of cellular behavior that could accelerate biological discovery. One of the most…

Prediction models based on deep neural networks are increasingly gaining attention for fast and accurate virtual screening systems. For decision makings in virtual screening, researchers find it useful to interpret an output of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Soojung Yang , Kyung Hoon Lee , Seongok Ryu

Vector-based cellular automata (CA) based on real land-parcel has become an important trend in current urban development simulation studies. Compared with raster-based and parcel-based CA models, vector CA models are difficult to be widely…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Yao Yao , Linlong Li , Zhaotang Liang , Tao Cheng , Zhenhui Sun , Peng Luo , Qingfeng Guan , Yaqian Zhai , Shihao Kou , Yuyang Cai , Lefei Li , Xinyue Ye

Modern computational neuroscience strives to develop complex network models to explain dynamics and function of brains in health and disease. This process goes hand in hand with advancements in the theory of neuronal networks and increasing…

Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) is a key workflow in computational drug discovery. SBVS models are assessed by measuring the enrichment of known active molecules over decoys in retrospective screens. However, the standard formula…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-18 Michael Brocidiacono , Konstantin I. Popov , Alexander Tropsha

The network of biochemical reactions inside living organisms is characterized by an overwhelming complexity which stems from the sheer number of reactions and from the complicated topology of biochemical cycles. However the high speed of…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Edoardo Milotti , Alessio Del Fabbro , Roberto Chignola

Virtual cell modeling aims to predict cellular responses to diverse perturbations but faces challenges from biological complexity, multimodal data heterogeneity, and the need for interdisciplinary expertise. We introduce CellForge, a…

Commonly, AI or machine learning (ML) models are evaluated on benchmark datasets. This practice supports innovative methodological research, but benchmark performance can be poorly correlated with performance in real-world applications -- a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Olivier Binette , Jerome P. Reiter

Causal inference is a vital aspect of multiple scientific disciplines and is routinely applied to high-impact applications such as medicine. However, evaluating the performance of causal inference methods in real-world environments is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Mathieu Chevalley , Yusuf Roohani , Arash Mehrjou , Jure Leskovec , Patrick Schwab

Predicting the effects of chemical and genetic perturbations on quantitative cell states is a central challenge in computational biology, molecular medicine and drug discovery. Recent work has leveraged large-scale single-cell data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Michael Scholkemper , Sach Mukherjee

Deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) models have shown promise in drug response prediction (DRP), yet their ability to generalize across datasets remains an open question, raising concerns about their real-world applicability. Due…

Understanding the relationships among genes, compounds, and their interactions in living organisms remains limited due to technological constraints and the complexity of biological data. Deep learning has shown promise in exploring these…

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