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Existing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face challenges in enterprise settings due to limited retrieval scope and data security risks. When relevant internal documents are unavailable, the system struggles to generate accurate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Grace Byun , Shinsun Lee , Nayoung Choi , Jinho D. Choi

Structured extraction with LLMs fails in production not because models lack understanding, but because output formatting is unreliable across models and prompts. A prompt that returns clean JSON on GPT-4 may produce fenced, prose-wrapped,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Varun Kotte

Document forgery poses a growing threat to legal, economic, and governmental processes, requiring increasingly sophisticated verification mechanisms. One approach involves the use of plausibility checks, rule-based procedures that assess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Valentin Schmidberger , Manuel Eberhardinger , Setareh Maghsudi , Johannes Maucher

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for high-stakes decision-making, yet existing approaches struggle to reconcile scalability, interpretability, and reproducibility. Black-box models obscure their reasoning, while recent…

Unstructured documents like PDFs contain valuable structured information, but downstream systems require this data in reliable, standardized formats. LLMs are increasingly deployed to automate this extraction, making accuracy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Nick Ferguson , Josh Pennington , Narek Beghian , Aravind Mohan , Douwe Kiela , Sheshansh Agrawal , Thien Hang Nguyen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited exceptional performance across a spectrum of natural language processing tasks. However, their substantial sizes pose considerable challenges, particularly in computational demands and inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Guoxuan Chen , Han Shi , Jiawei Li , Yihang Gao , Xiaozhe Ren , Yimeng Chen , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Weiyang Liu , Chao Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly aided developers by generating or assisting in code writing, enhancing productivity across various tasks. While identifying incorrect code is often straightforward, detecting vulnerabilities…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Jinjun Peng , Leyi Cui , Kele Huang , Junfeng Yang , Baishakhi Ray

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need for robust tools to detect LLM-generated text, especially in light of \textit{paraphrasing} techniques that often evade existing detection methods. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Weiqing He , Bojian Hou , Tianqi Shang , Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Qi Long , Li Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been suggested for use in automated vulnerability repair, but benchmarks showing they can consistently identify security-related bugs are lacking. We thus develop SecLLMHolmes, a fully automated evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Saad Ullah , Mingji Han , Saurabh Pujar , Hammond Pearce , Ayse Coskun , Gianluca Stringhini

Code Large Language Models (Code LLMs) have been increasingly used by developers to boost productivity, but they often generate vulnerable code. Thus, there is an urgent need to ensure that code generated by Code LLMs is correct and secure.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yanjun Fu , Ethan Baker , Yu Ding , Yizheng Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in software development, but their level of software security expertise remains unclear. This work systematically evaluates the security comprehension of five leading LLMs: GPT-4o-Mini,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Mohammed Latif Siddiq , Natalie Sekerak , Antonio Karam , Maria Leal , Arvin Islam-Gomes , Joanna C. S. Santos

We present LLMStructBench, a novel benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on extracting structured data and generating valid JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) outputs from natural-language text. Our open dataset comprises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sönke Tenckhoff , Mario Koddenbrock , Erik Rodner

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used in software development. However, the code generated by LLMs often contains vulnerabilities. Several secure code generation methods have been proposed to address this issue, but their current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shih-Chieh Dai , Jun Xu , Guanhong Tao

Safeguarding large language models (LLMs) against unsafe or adversarial behavior is critical as they are increasingly deployed in conversational and agentic settings. Existing moderation tools often treat safety risks (e.g. toxicity, bias)…

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on repository-level feature implementation is a critical frontier in software engineering. However, establishing a benchmark that faithfully mirrors realistic development scenarios remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Haorui Chen , Chengze Li , Jia Li

This paper presents the FormAI dataset, a large collection of 112, 000 AI-generated compilable and independent C programs with vulnerability classification. We introduce a dynamic zero-shot prompting technique constructed to spawn diverse…

Leveraging large language models (LLMs) to generate high-stakes documents, such as informed consent forms (ICFs), remains a significant challenge due to the extreme need for regulatory compliance and factual accuracy. Here, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Zifeng Wang , Junyi Gao , Benjamin Danek , Brandon Theodorou , Ruba Shaik , Shivashankar Thati , Seunghyun Won , Jimeng Sun

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to Large Language Models (LLMs), where adversaries can embed hidden triggers to manipulate LLM's outputs. Most existing defense methods, primarily designed for classification tasks, are ineffective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zihan Wang , Rui Zhang , Hongwei Li , Wenshu Fan , Wenbo Jiang , Qingchuan Zhao , Guowen Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have driven substantial progress in artificial intelligence in recent years, exhibiting impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks, including mathematical problem-solving. Inspired by the success of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Xueliang Zhao , Xinting Huang , Wei Bi , Lingpeng Kong

With the growing popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineers' daily practices, it is important to ensure that the code generated by these tools is not only functionally correct but also free of vulnerabilities. Although…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Mohammed Latif Siddiq , Joanna C. S. Santos , Sajith Devareddy , Anna Muller