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Transformers and large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized machine learning, with attention mechanisms at the core of their success. As the landscape of attention variants expands, so too do the challenges of optimizing their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Feiyang Chen , Yu Cheng , Lei Wang , Yuqing Xia , Ziming Miao , Lingxiao Ma , Fan Yang , Jilong Xue , Zhi Yang , Mao Yang , Haibo Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly, emerging as versatile tools across fields thanks to their exceptional language understanding, generation, and reasoning capabilities. However, performing LLM inference at the network edge…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhixiong Chen , Bingjie Zhu , Jiangzhou Wang , Hyundong Shin , Arumugam Nallanathan , Dusit Niyato

Pre-trained multi-modal vision-language models (VLMs) are becoming increasingly popular due to their exceptional performance on downstream vision applications, particularly in the few- and zero-shot settings. However, selecting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Orr Zohar , Shih-Cheng Huang , Kuan-Chieh Wang , Serena Yeung

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are mainstream in embodied intelligence but face high inference costs. Edge-Cloud Collaborative (ECC) deployment offers an effective fix by easing edge-device computing pressure to meet real-time needs.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zihao Zheng , Hangyu Cao , Jiayu Chen , Sicheng Tian , Chenyue Li , Maoliang Li , Xinhao Sun , Guojie Luo , Xiang Chen

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are promising for generalist robot control, but on-robot deployment is bottlenecked by real-time inference under tight cost and energy budgets. Most prior evaluations rely on desktop-grade GPUs, obscuring…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kaijun Zhou , Qiwei Chen , Da Peng , Zhiyang Li , Xijun Li , Jinyu Gu

Federated fine-tuning offers a promising paradigm for adapting large language models (LLMs) on edge devices by leveraging the rich, diverse, and continuously generated data from smartphones and IoT devices without compromising user data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiaxiang Geng , Yiyi Lu , Lunyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Nicholas D. Lane , Bing Luo

Low-Latency IoT applications such as autonomous vehicles, augmented/virtual reality devices and security applications require high computation resources to make decisions on the fly. However, these kinds of applications cannot tolerate…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Amine Abouaomar , Soumaya Cherkaoui , Zoubeir Mlika , Abdellatif Kobbane

On-device large language models (LLMs), referring to running LLMs on edge devices, have raised considerable interest since they are more cost-effective, latency-efficient, and privacy-preserving compared with the cloud paradigm.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Guanqiao Qu , Qiyuan Chen , Wei Wei , Zheng Lin , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang

6G's AI native vision of embedding advance intelligence in the network while bringing it closer to the user requires a systematic evaluation of Generative AI (GenAI) models on edge devices. Rapidly emerging solutions based on Open RAN…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zeinab Nezami , Maryam Hafeez , Karim Djemame , Syed Ali Raza Zaidi

Edge intelligence in space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs) can enable worldwide network coverage beyond geographical limitations for users to access ubiquitous and low-latency intelligence services. Facing global coverage and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Minrui Xu , Dusit Niyato , Hongliang Zhang , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Shiwen Mao , Zhu Han

Large language models (LLMs) represent a significant advancement in integrating physical robots with AI-driven systems. We showcase the capabilities of our framework within the context of the real-world household competition. This research…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Shady Nasrat , Myungsu Kim , Seonil Lee , Jiho Lee , Yeoncheol Jang , Seung-joon Yi

With the emergence of wearable devices and other embedded systems, deploying large language models (LLMs) on edge platforms has become an urgent need. However, this is challenging because of their high computational and memory demands.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Ye Qiao , Zhiheng Chen , Yifan Zhang , Yian Wang , Sitao Huang

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices is fundamentally constrained by the "Memory Wall" the bottleneck where data movement latency outstrips arithmetic throughput. Standard inference runtimes often incur significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Bugra Kilictas , Faruk Alpay

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Exploiting the heterogeneous capabilities of edge LLMs is crucial for diverse emerging applications, as it…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Lyudong Jin , Yanning Zhang , Yanhan Li , Shurong Wang , Howard H. Yang , Jian Wu , Meng Zhang

Situational awareness applications rely heavily on real-time processing of visual and textual data to provide actionable insights. Vision language models (VLMs) have become essential tools for interpreting complex environments by connecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Md Azim Khan , Aryya Gangopadhyay , Jianwu Wang , Robert F. Erbacher

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising potential in Vision-Language Navigation (VLN). However, their practical development is severely hindered by the substantial training overhead. We recognize two key issues that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Duo Zheng , Shijia Huang , Yanyang Li , Liwei Wang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and their multimodal variants have led to remarkable progress across various domains, demonstrating impressive capabilities and unprecedented potential. In the era of ubiquitous…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-14 Jiawei Shao , Xuelong Li

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly tasked with ultra-long multimodal understanding. While linear architectures offer constant computation and memory footprints, they often struggle with high-frequency visual perception compared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Hongyuan Tao , Bencheng Liao , Shaoyu Chen , Haoran Yin , Qian Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

We introduce NVLM 1.0, a family of frontier-class multimodal large language models (LLMs) that achieve state-of-the-art results on vision-language tasks, rivaling the leading proprietary models (e.g., GPT-4o) and open-access models (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Wenliang Dai , Nayeon Lee , Boxin Wang , Zhuolin Yang , Zihan Liu , Jon Barker , Tuomas Rintamaki , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro , Wei Ping

Large language model (LLM) inference at the network edge is a promising serving paradigm that leverages distributed edge resources to run inference near users and enhance privacy. Existing edge-based LLM inference systems typically adopt…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Bingjie Zhu , Zhixiong Chen , Liqiang Zhao , Hyundong Shin , Arumugam Nallanathan