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Charge-domain compute-in-memory (CIM) SRAMs have recently become an enticing compromise between computing efficiency and accuracy to process sub-8b convolutional neural networks (CNNs) at the edge. Yet, they commonly make use of a fixed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Adrian Kneip , Martin Lefebvre , Pol Maistriaux , David Bol

This paper starts with a simple lossless ~1.5:1 compression algorithm for the weights of the Large Language Model (LLM) Llama2 7B [1] that can be implemented in ~200 LUTs in AMD FPGAs, processing over 800 million bfloat16 numbers per…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Vincenzo Liguori

With the rapid advent of generative models, efficiently deploying these models on specialized hardware has become critical. Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) are designed to accelerate AI workloads, but their high power consumption…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhantong Zhu , Hongou Li , Wenjie Ren , Meng Wu , Le Ye , Ru Huang , Tianyu Jia

Line-level code completion requires a critical balance between high accuracy and low latency. Existing methods suffer from a trade-off: large language models (LLMs) provide high-quality suggestions but incur high latency, while small…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Hanzhen Lu , Lishui Fan , Jiachi Chen , Qiuyuan Chen , Zhao Wei , Zhongxin Liu

The rapid development of large language models (LLM) has greatly enhanced everyday applications. While many FPGA-based accelerators, with flexibility for fine-grained data control, exhibit superior speed and energy efficiency compared to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zifan He , Shengyu Ye , Rui Ma , Yang Wang , Jason Cong

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed on mobile devices, but the limited DRAM capacity constrains the deployable model size. This paper introduces ActiveFlow, the first LLM inference framework that can achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Fucheng Jia , Zewen Wu , Shiqi Jiang , Huiqiang Jiang , Qianxi Zhang , Yuqing Yang , Yunxin Liu , Ju Ren , Deyu Zhang , Ting Cao

The widespread adoption of data-centric algorithms, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), has exposed the limitations of centralized processing infrastructures, driving a shift towards edge computing. This…

Compute-In-Memory (CiM) is a promising solution to accelerate Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) as it can avoid energy-intensive DNN weight movement and use memory arrays to perform low-energy, high-density computations. These benefits have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Tanner Andrulis , Joel S. Emer , Vivienne Sze

Large language models demand massive computational power and memory resources, posing significant challenges for efficient deployment. While quantization has been widely explored to reduce model size and computation, this paper demonstrates…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Soroush Ahadi , Mehdi Modarressi , Masoud Daneshtalab

PIM architectures aim to reduce data transfer costs between processors and memory by integrating processing units within memory layers. Prior PIM architectures have shown potential to improve energy efficiency and performance. However, such…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Parker Hao Tian , Zahra Yousefijamarani , Alaa Alameldeen

This paper presents 6T SRAM cell-based bit-parallel in-memory computing (IMC) architecture to support various computations with reconfigurable bit-precision. In the proposed technique, bit-line computation is performed with a short WL…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Kyeongho Lee , Jinho Jeong , Sungsoo Cheon , Woong Choi , Jongsun Park

The emergence of Phase-Change Memory (PCM) provides opportunities for directly connecting persistent memory to main memory bus. While PCM achieves high read throughput and low standby power, the critical concerns are its poor write…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Yinjin Fu

Digital Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures have shown great promise in Deep Neural Network (DNN) acceleration by effectively addressing the "memory wall" bottleneck. However, the development and optimization of digital CIM accelerators…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Yingjie Qi , Jianlei Yang , Yiou Wang , Yikun Wang , Dayu Wang , Ling Tang , Cenlin Duan , Xiaolin He , Weisheng Zhao

Real-world simultaneous machine translation (SimulMT) systems face more challenges than just the quality-latency trade-off. They also need to address issues related to robustness with noisy input, processing long contexts, and flexibility…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Minghan Wang , Jinming Zhao , Thuy-Trang Vu , Fatemeh Shiri , Ehsan Shareghi , Gholamreza Haffari

We introduce QUICK, a group of novel optimized CUDA kernels for the efficient inference of quantized Large Language Models (LLMs). QUICK addresses the shared memory bank-conflict problem of state-of-the-art mixed precision matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Taesu Kim , Jongho Lee , Daehyun Ahn , Sarang Kim , Jiwoong Choi , Minkyu Kim , Hyungjun Kim

Autoregressive Models (ARMs) have long dominated the landscape of Large Language Models. Recently, a new paradigm has emerged in the form of diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs), which generate text by iteratively denoising masked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyuan Liu , Yicun Yang , Yaojie Zhang , Junjie Chen , Chang Zou , Qingyuan Wei , Shaobo Wang , Linfeng Zhang

The increasing computational demand of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) necessitates energy-efficient acceleration strategies. Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures based on Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) offer a promising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 José Cubero-Cascante , Rebecca Pelke , Noah Flohr , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Self-attention in Transformers generates dynamic operands that force conventional Compute-in-Memory (CIM) accelerators into costly non-volatile memory (NVM) reprogramming cycles, degrading throughput and stressing device endurance. Existing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Md Zesun Ahmed Mia , Jiahui Duan , Kai Ni , Abhronil Sengupta

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various machine learning tasks. Yet the substantial memory footprint of LLMs significantly hinders their deployment. In this paper, we improve the accessibility of…

Weight quantization effectively reduces memory consumption and enable the deployment of Large Language Models on edge devices, yet existing hardware-friendly methods often rely on uniform quantization, which suffers from poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xin Nie , Liang Dong , Haicheng Zhang , Jiawang Xiao , G. Sun