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As autonomous robots move into complex, dynamic real-world environments, they must learn to navigate safely in real time, yet anticipating all possible behaviors is infeasible. We propose a composable, model-free reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xinhuan Sang , Abdelrahman Abdelgawad , Roberto Tron

Reinforcement learning has been successful both empirically and theoretically in single-agent settings, but extending these results to multi-agent reinforcement learning in general-sum Markov games remains challenging. This paper studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Narim Jeong , Donghwan Lee

Motivated by mean-field games (MFG) with common noise on the one hand and pathwise stochastic control theory on the other, we formulate here a linear-quadratic (LQ) MFG with rough common noise, along with a satisfactory well-posedness…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Peter K. Friz , Ioannis Gasteratos , Ulrich Horst , Stefanos Theodorakopoulos

Learning-based predictive control is a promising alternative to optimization-based MPC. However, efficiently learning the optimal control policy, the optimal value function, or the Q-function requires suitable function approximators. Often,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-14 Dieter Teichrib , Moritz Schulze Darup

The objective of this paper is to provide an equivalent of the theory developed in P.~Cardaliaguet, F.~Delarue, J.M.~Lasry, P.L.~Lions \cite{CDLL}, following the approach of control on Hilbert spaces introduced by the authors in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-12 Alain Bensoussan , P. Jameson Graber , Phillip Yam

We study the policy iteration algorithm (PIA) for entropy-regularized stochastic control problems on an infinite time horizon with a large discount rate, focusing on two main scenarios. First, we analyze PIA with bounded coefficients where…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-28 Hung Vinh Tran , Zhenhua Wang , Yuming Paul Zhang

Off-Policy reinforcement learning (RL) is an important class of methods for many problem domains, such as robotics, where the cost of collecting data is high and on-policy methods are consequently intractable. Standard methods for applying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Riley Simmons-Edler , Ben Eisner , Eric Mitchell , Sebastian Seung , Daniel Lee

This paper focuses on indefinite stochastic mean-field linear-quadratic (MF-LQ, for short) optimal control problems, which allow the weighting matrices for state and control in the cost functional to be indefinite. The solvability of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-02 Na Li , Xun Li , Zhiyong Yu

We study Q-learning with Polyak-Ruppert averaging in a discounted Markov decision process in synchronous and tabular settings. Under a Lipschitz condition, we establish a functional central limit theorem for the averaged iteration…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-21 Xiang Li , Wenhao Yang , Jiadong Liang , Zhihua Zhang , Michael I. Jordan

Many practical reinforcement learning environments have a discrete factored action space that induces a large combinatorial set of actions, thereby posing significant challenges. Existing approaches leverage the regular structure of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Junkyu Lee , Tian Gao , Elliot Nelson , Miao Liu , Debarun Bhattacharjya , Songtao Lu

Deep Q-learning has achieved significant success in single-agent decision making tasks. However, it is challenging to extend Q-learning to large-scale multi-agent scenarios, due to the explosion of action space resulting from the complex…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Ming Zhou , Yong Chen , Ying Wen , Yaodong Yang , Yufeng Su , Weinan Zhang , Dell Zhang , Jun Wang

We study policy iteration (PI) for deterministic infinite-horizon discounted optimal control problems, whose value function is characterized by a stationary Hamilton--Jacobi--Bellman (HJB) equation. At the PDE level, PI is fundamentally…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Namkyeong Cho , Yeoneung Kim

Q-learning is a promising method for solving optimal control problems for uncertain systems without the explicit need for system identification. However, approaches for continuous-time Q-learning have limited provable safety guarantees,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-30 Soutrik Bandyopadhyay , Shubhendu Bhasin

This paper develops a switching-system interpretation of Q-learning with linear function approximation (LFA) based on the joint spectral radius (JSR). We derive an exact linear switched model for the mean dynamics and relate convergence to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Donghwan Lee , Han-Dong Lim

The recently successful Munchausen Reinforcement Learning (M-RL) features implicit Kullback-Leibler (KL) regularization by augmenting the reward function with logarithm of the current stochastic policy. Though significant improvement has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Lingwei Zhu , Zheng Chen , Eiji Uchibe , Takamitsu Matsubara

Piecewise constant control approximation provides a practical framework for designing numerical schemes of continuous-time control problems. We analyze the accuracy of such approximations for extended mean field control (MFC) problems,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Christoph Reisinger , Wolfgang Stockinger , Maria Olympia Tsianni , Yufei Zhang

Sample complexity bounds are a common performance metric in the Reinforcement Learning literature. In the discounted cost, infinite horizon setting, all of the known bounds have a factor that is a polynomial in $1/(1-\gamma)$, where $\gamma…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Adithya M. Devraj , Sean P. Meyn

Optimal feedback control with implicit Hamiltonians poses a fundamental challenge for learning-based value function methods due to the absence of closed-form optimal control laws. Recent work~\cite{gelphman2025end} introduced an implicit…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Eric Gelphman , Deepanshu Verma , Nicole Tianjiao Yang , Stanley Osher , Samy Wu Fung

This paper studies the discrete-time linear-quadratic-Gaussian mean field (MF) social control problem in an infinite horizon, where the dynamics of all agents are unknown. The objective is to design a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-05 Hanfang Zhang , Bing-Chang Wang , Shuo Chen

This paper presents a comprehensive study of linear-quadratic (LQ) mean field games (MFGs) in Hilbert spaces, generalizing the classic LQ MFG theory to scenarios involving $N$ agents with dynamics governed by infinite-dimensional stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Hanchao Liu , Dena Firoozi
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