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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) combines knowledge from domain-specific sources into large language models to ground answer generation. Current RAG systems lack customizable visibility on the context documents and the model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Tevin Wang , Jingyuan He , Chenyan Xiong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a cornerstone of knowledge-intensive applications, including enterprise chatbots, healthcare assistants, and agentic memory management. However, recent studies show that knowledge-extraction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Zhisheng Qi , Utkarsh Sahu , Li Ma , Haoyu Han , Ryan Rossi , Franck Dernoncourt , Mahantesh Halappanavar , Nesreen Ahmed , Yushun Dong , Yue Zhao , Yu Zhang , Yu Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques have proven to be effective in integrating up-to-date information, mitigating hallucinations, and enhancing response quality, particularly in specialized domains. While many RAG approaches…

Embedding text sequences is a widespread requirement in modern language understanding. Existing approaches focus largely on constant-size representations. This is problematic, as the amount of information contained in text often varies with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Guanghui Qin , Benjamin Van Durme

Proprietary corporate documents contain rich domain-specific knowledge, but their overwhelming volume and disorganized structure make it difficult even for employees to access the right information when needed. For example, in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Nayoung Choi , Grace Byun , Andrew Chung , Ellie S. Paek , Shinsun Lee , Jinho D. Choi

Manually generating access control policies from an organization's high-level requirement specifications poses significant challenges. It requires laborious efforts to sift through multiple documents containing such specifications and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Sakuna Harinda Jayasundara , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Giovanni Russello

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face challenges with complex, multihop questions, and agentic frameworks such as Search-R1 (Jin et al., 2025), which operates iteratively, have been proposed to address these complexities.…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have been widely adopted in contemporary large language models (LLMs) due to their ability to improve generation quality while reducing the required input context length. In this work, we focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tianyi Zhang , Andreas Marfurt

The conventional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) paradigm of injecting raw retrieved texts into the Large Language Model (LLM)'s context often results in suboptimal integration of retrieved information. This paper proposes to bridge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sangkwon Park , Donghun Kang , Jisoo Mok , Sungroh Yoon

Medical question answering (QA) requires extensive access to domain-specific knowledge. A promising direction is to enhance large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge retrieved from medical corpora or parametric knowledge stored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Lei Li , Xiao Zhou , Yingying Zhang , Xian Wu

Since the launch of ChatGPT at the end of 2022, generative dialogue models represented by ChatGPT have quickly become essential tools in daily life. As user expectations increase, enhancing the capability of generative dialogue models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yuetong Zhao , Hongyu Cao , Xianyu Zhao , Zhijian Ou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a widely adopted paradigm for enhancing the reliability of large language models (LLMs). However, RAG systems are sensitive to retrieval strategies that rely on text chunking to construct…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sun Xu , Tongkai Xu , Baiheng Xie , Li Huang , Qiang Gao , Kunpeng Zhang

In the contemporary context of rapid advancements in information technology and the exponential growth of data volume, language models are confronted with significant challenges in effectively navigating the dynamic and ever-evolving…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yuxin Fan , Yuxiang Wang , Lipeng Liu , Xirui Tang , Na Sun , Zidong Yu

We introduce MCTS-RAG, a novel approach that enhances the reasoning capabilities of small language models on knowledge-intensive tasks by leveraging retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to provide relevant context and Monte Carlo Tree…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yunhai Hu , Yilun Zhao , Chen Zhao , Arman Cohan

Providing timely, consistent, and high-quality feedback in large-scale higher education courses remains a persistent challenge, often constrained by instructor workload and resource limitations. This study presents an LLM-powered, agentic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Reza Vatankhah Barenji , Nazila Salimi , Sina Khoshgoftar

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is widely used to augment large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, many benchmark datasets, designed to test RAG performance, comprise many questions that can already be answered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiayi Liu , Jiaxing Zhang , Bowen Jin , Jennifer Neville

Retrieval-augmented code generation utilizes Large Language Models as the generator and significantly expands their code generation capabilities by providing relevant code, documentation, and more via the retriever. The current approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Xinyu Gao , Yun Xiong , Deze Wang , Zhenhan Guan , Zejian Shi , Haofen Wang , Shanshan Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), by incorporating external knowledge with parametric memory of language models, has become the state-of-the-art architecture for open-domain QA tasks. However, common knowledge bases are inherently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Zhebin Zhang , Xinyu Zhang , Yuanhang Ren , Saijiang Shi , Meng Han , Yongkang Wu , Ruofei Lai , Zhao Cao

The growing adoption of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has led to a rise in adversarial attacks. Existing defenses, relying on semantic analysis or voting, face a trade-off between high computational cost and limited robustness under…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Chengcai Gao , Zhihong Sun , Xiaochuan Shi , Qiufeng Wang , Chao Liang

Despite Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) showing promising capability in leveraging external knowledge, a comprehensive evaluation of RAG systems is still challenging due to the modular nature of RAG, evaluation of long-form responses…