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Accurate noise characterization in quantum gates and circuits is vital for the development of reliable quantum simulations for chemically relevant systems and fault-tolerant quantum computing. This paper reviews a variety of key…

The rapid development of quantum computing (QC) in the NISQ era urgently demands a low-level benchmark suite and insightful evaluation metrics for characterizing the properties of prototype NISQ devices, the efficiency of QC programming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-10 Ang Li , Samuel Stein , Sriram Krishnamoorthy , James Ang

Randomized benchmarking is routinely used as an efficient method for characterizing the performance of sets of elementary logic gates in small quantum devices. In the measurement-based model of quantum computation, logic gates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-05 Rafael N. Alexander , Peter S. Turner , Stephen D. Bartlett

Maintaining or even improving gate performance with growing numbers of parallel controlled qubits is a vital requirement for fault-tolerant quantum computing. For superconducting quantum processors, though isolated one- or two-qubit gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Peng Zhao , Kehuan Linghu , Zhiyuan Li , Peng Xu , Ruixia Wang , Guangming Xue , Yirong Jin , Haifeng Yu

Quantum computers have the potential to provide an advantage over classical computers in a number of areas. Numerous metrics to benchmark the performance of quantum computers, ranging from their individual hardware components to entire…

The design and performance analysis of quantum error correction (QEC) codes are often based on incoherent and independent noise models since it is easy to simulate. However, these models fail to capture realistic hardware noise sources,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Zeyuan Zhou , Andrew Ji , Yongshan Ding

Executing quantum circuits on superconducting platforms requires balancing the trade-off between gate errors and crosstalk. To address this, we introduce SurgeQ, a hardware-software co-design strategy consisting of a design phase and an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Xinxuan Chen , Hongxiang Zhu , Zhaohui Yang , Zhaofeng Su , Jianxin Chen , Feng Wu , Hui-Hai Zhao

We show that quantum computers can be used for producing large $n$-partite nonlocality, thereby providing a method to benchmark them. The main challenges to overcome are as follows: (i) The interaction topology might not allow arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Jan Lennart Bönsel , Otfried Gühne , Adán Cabello

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices fail to produce outputs with sufficient fidelity for deep circuits with many gates today. Such devices suffer from read-out, multi-qubit gate and crosstalk noise combined with short…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-15 Ellis Wilson , Frank Mueller , Lindsay Bassman , Constin Iancu

We present an updated version of PyQBench, an open-source Python library designed for benchmarking gate-based quantum computers, with a focus on certifying qubit von Neumann measurements. This version extends PyQBench's capabilities by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Paulina Lewandowska , Martin Beseda

Quantum crosstalk which stems from unwanted interference of quantum operations with nearby qubits is a major source of noise or errors in a quantum processor. In the context of shared quantum computing, it is challenging to mitigate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-18 Haiyue Kang , Benjamin Harper , Muhammad Usman , Martin Sevior

Quantum computing is performed on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware in the short term. Only small circuits can be executed reliably on a quantum machine due to the unavoidable noisy quantum operations on NISQ devices, leading…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Siyuan Niu , Aida Todri-Sanial

The past few decades have seen exponential growth in capabilities of digital electronics primarily due to the ability to scale Integrated Circuits (ICs) to smaller dimensions while attaining power and performance benefits. That scalability…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Naveen Kumar Macha , Md Arif Iqbal , Bhavana Tejaswini Repalle , Sehtab Hossain , Mostafizur Rahman

Quantum computing, while allowing for processing information exponentially faster than classical computing, requires computations to be delegated to quantum servers, which makes security threats possible. For instance, previous studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yoann Marquer , Domenico Bianculli

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong potential in code generation, yet their effectiveness in quantum computing remains underexplored. This paper benchmarks LLMs for PennyLane-based quantum code…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Abdul Basit , Minghao Shao , Muhammad Haider Asif , Nouhaila Innan , Muhammad Kashif , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique

We describe a scalable experimental protocol for obtaining estimates of the error rate of individual quantum computational gates. This protocol, in which random Clifford gates are interleaved between a gate of interest, provides a bounded…

Quantum software tools for a wide variety of design tasks on and across different levels of abstraction are crucial in order to eventually realize useful quantum applications. This requires practical and relevant benchmarks for new software…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-26 Nils Quetschlich , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

As quantum computing (QC) continues to evolve in hardware and software, measuring progress in this complex and diverse field remains a challenge. To track progress, uncover bottlenecks, and evaluate community efforts, benchmarks play a…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated good performance in general code generation; however, their capabilities in quantum code generation remain insufficiently studied. This paper presents QuanBench, a benchmark for evaluating LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xiaoyu Guo , Minggu Wang , Jianjun Zhao

Noisy and Intermediate-Scale Quantum, or NISQ, processors are sensitive to noise, prone to quantum decoherence, and are not yet capable of continuous quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Hence, quantum algorithms…