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At the heart of the standard deep learning training loop is a greedy gradient step minimizing a given loss. We propose to add a second step to maximize training generalization. To do this, we optimize the loss of the next training step.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Samuel Müller , André Biedenkapp , Frank Hutter

Diffusion and flow-matching models achieve remarkable generative performance but at the cost of many sampling steps, this slows inference and limits applicability to time-critical tasks. The ReFlow procedure can accelerate sampling by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Beomsu Kim , Yu-Guan Hsieh , Michal Klein , Marco Cuturi , Jong Chul Ye , Bahjat Kawar , James Thornton

We propose a new, training-free method, Graph Reasoning via Retrieval Augmented Framework (GRRAF), that harnesses retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) alongside the code-generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to address a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Hanqing Li , Kiran Sheena Jyothi , Henry Liang , Sharika Mahadevan , Diego Klabjan

While large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adapted for recommendation systems via supervised fine-tuning (SFT), this approach amplifies popularity bias due to its likelihood maximization objective, compromising recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Chongming Gao , Mengyao Gao , Chenxiao Fan , Shuai Yuan , Wentao Shi , Xiangnan He

We consider the problem of sampling from a discrete and structured distribution as a sequential decision problem, where the objective is to find a stochastic policy such that objects are sampled at the end of this sequential process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Tristan Deleu , Padideh Nouri , Nikolay Malkin , Doina Precup , Yoshua Bengio

Deep Learning Recommendation Models (DLRMs) often rely on extensive manual feature engineering to improve accuracy and user experience, which increases system complexity and limits scalability of model performance with respect to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Hao Guo , Erpeng Xue , Lei Huang , Shichao Wang , Xiaolei Wang , Lei Wang , Jinpeng Wang , Sheng Chen

Personalized recommender systems fulfill the daily demands of customers and boost online businesses. The goal is to learn a policy that can generate a list of items that matches the user's demand or interest. While most existing methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Shuchang Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Zhankui He , Bowen Sun , Julian McAuley , Dong Zheng , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai

The remarkable success of diffusion and flow-matching models has ignited a surge of works on adapting them at test time for controlled generation tasks. Examples range from image editing to restoration, compression and personalization.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Or Ronai , Vladimir Kulikov , Tomer Michaeli

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are powerful samplers for compositional objects that, by design, sample proportionally to a given non-negative reward. Nonetheless, in practice, they often struggle to explore the reward landscape…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Pedro Dall'Antonia , Tiago da Silva , Daniel Augusto de Souza , César Lincoln C. Mattos , Diego Mesquita

Flow matching casts sample generation as learning a continuous-time velocity field that transports noise to data. Existing flow matching networks typically predict each point's velocity independently, considering only its location and time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Md Shahriar Rahim Siddiqui , Moshe Eliasof , Eldad Haber

We propose a deterministic adjoint matching framework that formulates human preference alignment for flow-based generative models as an optimal control problem over velocity fields. One can directly regress the control toward a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zhengyi Guo , Jiayuan Sheng , David D. Yao , Wenpin Tang

The recently proposed generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are a method of training a policy to sample compositional discrete objects with probabilities proportional to a given reward via a sequence of actions. GFlowNets exploit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Daniil Tiapkin , Nikita Morozov , Alexey Naumov , Dmitry Vetrov

Flow matching as a paradigm of generative model achieves notable success across various domains. However, existing methods use either multi-round training or knowledge within minibatches, posing challenges in finding a favorable coupling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Siyu Xing , Jie Cao , Huaibo Huang , Haichao Shi , Xiao-Yu Zhang

Diffusion models have become emerging generative models. Their sampling process involves multiple steps, and in each step the models predict the noise from a noisy sample. When the models make prediction, the output deviates from the ground…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shifeng Xu , Yanzhu Liu , Adams Wai-Kin Kong

Generative models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving physics systems and modeling complex spatiotemporal dynamics. However, achieving high physical accuracy without incurring high computational cost remains a fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jiahe Huang , Sihan Xu , Sharvaree Vadgama , Rose Yu

Flow matching models (FMs) have revolutionized text-to-image (T2I) generation, with reinforcement learning (RL) serving as a critical post-training strategy for alignment with reward objectives. In this research, we show that current RL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fu-Yun Wang , Han Zhang , Michael Gharbi , Hongsheng Li , Taesung Park

Inference-time guided sampling steers state-of-the-art diffusion and flow models without fine-tuning by interpreting the generation process as a controllable trajectory. This provides a simple and flexible way to inject external constraints…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xuehui Yu , Fucheng Cai , Meiyi Wang , Xiaopeng Fan , Harold Soh

While recent advances have boosted LM proficiency in linguistic benchmarks, LMs consistently struggle to reason correctly on complex tasks like mathematics. We turn to Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) as a method with which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Sarah Pan , Vladislav Lialin , Sherin Muckatira , Anna Rumshisky

Fine-tuning foundation models has emerged as a powerful approach for generating objects with specific desired properties. Reinforcement learning (RL) provides an effective framework for this purpose, enabling models to generate outputs that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Pouya M. Ghari , Simone Sciabola , Ye Wang

Generative models for image generation are now commonly used for a wide variety of applications, ranging from guided image generation for entertainment to solving inverse problems. Nonetheless, training a generator is a non-trivial feat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Eldad Haber , Shadab Ahamed , Md. Shahriar Rahim Siddiqui , Niloufar Zakariaei , Moshe Eliasof