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In standard optical tomographic methods, the off-diagonal elements of a density matrix $\rho$ are measured indirectly. Thus, the reconstruction of $\rho$, even if it is based on linear inversion, typically magnifies small errors in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-19 Karol Bartkiewicz , Antonín Černoch , Karel Lemr , Adam Miranowicz

Quantum device characterization via state tomography plays an important role in both validating quantum hardware and processing quantum information, but it needs the exponential number of the measurements. For the systems with XX+YY-type…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Tao Xin

Many quantum states arising in algorithms and physical systems occupy only a small, structured subset of the exponentially large Hilbert space, yet standard quantum state tomography fails to exploit this structure. We present an efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Chi-Kwong Li , Kevin Yipu Wu , Zherui Zhang

Quantum state tomography is a fundamental task in quantum information science, enabling detailed characterization of correlations, entanglement, and electronic structure in quantum systems. However, its exponential measurement and…

We demonstrate a novel experimental technique for quantum-state tomography of the collective density matrix. It is based on measurements of the polarization of light, traversing the atomic vapor. To assess the technique's robustness against…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Marek Kopciuch , Magdalena Smolis , Adam Miranowicz , Szymon Pustelny

Quantum state tomography is a central technique for the characterization and verification of quantum systems. Standard tomography is widely used for low-dimensional systems, but for larger systems, it becomes impractical due to the…

Quantum state tomography (QST) is a fundamental technique for estimating the state of a quantum system from measured data and plays a crucial role in evaluating the performance of quantum devices. However, standard estimation methods become…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Shakir Showkat Sofi , Charlotte Vermeylen , Lieven De Lathauwer

Quantum state reconstruction using Neural Quantum States has been proposed as a viable tool to reduce quantum shot complexity in practical applications, and its advantage over competing techniques has been shown in numerical experiments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-29 Haimeng Zhao , Giuseppe Carleo , Filippo Vicentini

Quantum Process Tomography (QPT) is a powerful tool to characterize quantum operations, but it requires considerable resources making it impractical for more than 2-qubit systems. This work proposes an alternative approach that requires…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Vicente Leyton-Ortega , Tyler Kharazi , Raphael C. Pooser

An iterative algorithm for the reconstruction of an unknown quantum state from the results of incompatible measurements is proposed. It consists of Expectation-Maximization step followed by a unitary transformation of the eigenbasis of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 J. Rehacek , Z. Hradil , M. Jezek

Practical quantum state tomography is usually performed by carrying out repeated measurements on many copies of a given state. The accuracy of the reconstruction depends strongly on the dimensionality of the system and the number of copies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-08 Alex Ling , Antia Lamas-Linares , Christian Kurtsiefer

We propose a new quantum state reconstruction method that combines ideas from compressed sensing, non-convex optimization, and acceleration methods. The algorithm, called Momentum-Inspired Factored Gradient Descent (\texttt{MiFGD}), extends…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-24 Junhyung Lyle Kim , George Kollias , Amir Kalev , Ken X. Wei , Anastasios Kyrillidis

Quantum information has been drawing a wealth of research in recent years, shedding light on questions at the heart of quantum mechanics, as well as advancing fields such as complexity theory, cryptography, key distribution, and chemistry.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-25 Dikla Oren , Maor Mutzafi , Yonina C. Eldar , Mordechai Segev

The mechanism of describing quantum states by standard probability (tomographic one) instead of wave function or density matrix is elucidated. Quantum tomography is formulated in an abstract Hilbert space framework, by means of the identity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 V. I. Man'ko , G. Marmo , A. Simoni , A. Stern , E. C. G. Sudarshan , F. Ventriglia

Quantum state tomography (QST) for reconstructing pure states requires exponentially increasing resources and measurements with the number of qubits by using state-of-the-art quantum compressive sensing (CS) methods. In this article, QST…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 Burhan Gulbahar

To obtain a complete description of a quantum system, one usually employs standard quantum state tomography, which however requires exponential number of measurements to perform and hence is impractical when the system's size grows large.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-17 Tao Xin , Xinfang Nie , Xiangyu Kong , Jingwei Wen , Dawei Lu , Jun Li

Quantum state tomography is a key technique for quantum information processing, but is challenging due to the exponential growth of its complexity with the system size. In this work, we propose an algorithm which iteratively finds the best…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-13 Donghong Han , Chu Guo , Xiaoting Wang

We propose the variational quantum singular value decomposition based on encoding the elements of the considered { $N\times N$} matrix into the state of a quantum system of appropriate dimension. This method doesn't use the expansion of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Alexander I. Zenchuk , Wentao Qi , Junde Wu

Quantum process tomography is often used to completely characterize an unknown quantum process. However, it may lead to an unphysical process matrix, which will cause the loss of information respect to the tomography result. Convex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-13 Xuan-Lun Huang , Jun Gao , Zhi-Qiang Jiao , Zeng-Quan Yan , Ling Ji , Xian-Min Jin

Quantum state reconstruction on a finite number of copies of a quantum system with informationally incomplete measurements does, as a rule, not yield a unique result. We derive a reconstruction scheme where both the likelihood and the von…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-12 Y. S. Teo , H. Zhu , B. -G. Englert , J. Rehacek , Z. Hradil