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For a stochastic differential equation (SDE) that is an It\^{o} diffusion or Langevin equation, the Fokker-Planck operator governs the evolution of the probability density, while its adjoint, the infinitesimal generator of the stochastic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Max Kreider , Peter J. Thomas , Yao Li

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) represent a performance-hungry application. Floating-Point (FP) and custom floating-point-like arithmetic satisfies this hunger. While there is need for speed, inference in DNNs does not seem to have any need for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Christoph Lauter , Anastasia Volkova

Deep learning methods have gained considerable interest in the numerical solution of various partial differential equations (PDEs). One particular focus is physics-informed neural networks (PINN), which integrate physical principles into…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Xi'an Li , Jiaxin Deng , Jinran Wu , Shaotong Zhang , Weide Li , You-Gan Wang

While machine learning techniques have been successfully applied in several fields, the black-box nature of the models presents challenges for interpreting and explaining the results. We develop a new framework called Adaptive Explainable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-03 Jie Chen , Joel Vaughan , Vijayan N. Nair , Agus Sudjianto

While deep learning models have demonstrated remarkable success in numerous domains, their black-box nature remains a significant limitation, especially in critical fields such as medical image analysis and inference. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 David Zucker

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) were recently proposed in [1] as an alternative way to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). A neural network (NN) represents the solution while a PDE-induced NN is coupled to the solution NN,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-10-22 Xiaoli Chen , Jinqiao Duan , George Em Karniadakis

With the availability of large databases and recent improvements in deep learning methodology, the performance of AI systems is reaching or even exceeding the human level on an increasing number of complex tasks. Impressive examples of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Wojciech Samek , Thomas Wiegand , Klaus-Robert Müller

Deep neural networks, despite their success in numerous applications, often function without established theoretical foundations. In this paper, we bridge this gap by drawing parallels between deep learning and classical numerical analysis.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Emanuele Zappala , Daniel Levine , Sizhuang He , Syed Rizvi , Sacha Levy , David van Dijk

Large sparse linear algebraic systems can be found in a variety of scientific and engineering fields, and many scientists strive to solve them in an efficient and robust manner. In this paper, we propose an interpretable neural solver, the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Chen Cui , Kai Jiang , Yun Liu , Shi Shu

There is a recent interest in neural network (NN)-based communication algorithms which have shown to achieve (beyond) state-of-the-art performance for a variety of problems or lead to reduced implementation complexity. However, most work on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Fayçal Ait Aoudia , Jakob Hoydis

A novel approach to approximate solutions of Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs) by Deep Neural Networks is derived and analysed. The architecture is inspired by the notion of Deep Operator Networks (DeepONets), which is based on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Martin Eigel , Charles Miranda

The main computational task of Scientific Machine Learning (SciML) is function regression, required both for inputs as well as outputs of a simulation. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) and neural operators (such as DeepONet) have…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Adar Kahana , Qian Zhang , Leonard Gleyzer , George Em Karniadakis

Deep learning as represented by the artificial deep neural networks (DNNs) has achieved great success in many important areas that deal with text, images, videos, graphs, and so on. However, the black-box nature of DNNs has become one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Fenglei Fan , Jinjun Xiong , Mengzhou Li , Ge Wang

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (N-ODEs) are a powerful building block for learning systems, which extend residual networks to a continuous-time dynamical system. We propose a Bayesian version of N-ODEs that enables well-calibrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Andreas Look , Melih Kandemir

In this study, we propose a novel approach, termed boundary integrated neural networks (BINNs), for analyzing in-plane crack problems within the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics. The proposed approach integrates artificial…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Peijun Zhang , Yan Gu , Okyay Altay , Chuanzeng Zhang

We revisit the analogy between feed-forward deep neural networks (DNNs) and discrete dynamical systems derived from neural integral equations and their corresponding partial differential equation (PDE) forms. A comparative analysis between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Abhisek Ganguly , Santosh Ansumali , Sauro Succi

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) describe dynamical systems where deterministic flows, governed by a drift function, are superimposed with random fluctuations, dictated by a diffusion function. The accurate estimation (or discovery)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Patrick Seifner , Kostadin Cvejoski , David Berghaus , Cesar Ojeda , Ramses J. Sanchez

Machine Learning algorithms are increasingly being used in recent years due to their flexibility in model fitting and increased predictive performance. However, the complexity of the models makes them hard for the data analyst to interpret…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-07 Joel Vaughan , Agus Sudjianto , Erind Brahimi , Jie Chen , Vijayan N. Nair

Solving Singularly Perturbed Differential Equations (SPDEs) poses computational challenges arising from the rapid transitions in their solutions within thin regions. The effectiveness of deep learning in addressing differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Ye Li , Ting Du , Yiwen Pang , Zhongyi Huang

While deep neural networks (DNNs) based personalized federated learning (PFL) is demanding for addressing data heterogeneity and shows promising performance, existing methods for federated learning (FL) suffer from efficient systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Hui Chen , Hengyu Liu , Zhangkai Wu , Xuhui Fan , Longbing Cao