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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising approach to scale up deep learning models due to its significant reduction in computational resources. However, the dynamic nature of MoE leads to load imbalance among experts, severely…

Modern cloud platforms increasingly host large-scale deep learning (DL) workloads, demanding high-throughput, low-latency GPU scheduling. However, the growing heterogeneity of GPU clusters and limited visibility into application…

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)-based reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a widely adopted paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, its training pipeline suffers from…

Pipeline parallelism (PP) when training neural networks enables larger models to be partitioned spatially, leading to both lower network communication and overall higher hardware utilization. Unfortunately, to preserve the statistical…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is increasingly utilized to enhance the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, effectively scaling these RL methods presents significant challenges, primarily due to the difficulty in…

Training large language models (LLMs) efficiently requires a deep understanding of how modern GPU systems behave under real-world distributed training workloads. While prior work has focused primarily on kernel-level performance or…

With the increased penetration and proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, there is a growing trend towards distributing the power of deep learning (DL) across edge devices rather than centralizing it in the cloud. This…

Training large Deep Neural Network (DNN) models at scale often encounters straggler issues, mostly in communications due to network congestion, RNIC/switch defects, or topological asymmetry. Under advanced pipeline parallelism, even minor…

Large language model (LLM) training today runs on clusters spanning thousands of GPUs. While this scale enables rapid model advances, developing, debugging, and performance-tuning the training framework inevitably becomes complex and…

In this technical report, we tackle the challenges of training large-scale Mixture of Experts (MoE) models, focusing on overcoming cost inefficiency and resource limitations prevalent in such systems. To address these issues, we present two…

Recently, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become one of the most popular techniques to scale pre-trained models to extraordinarily large sizes. Dynamic activation of experts allows for conditional computation, increasing the number of…

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in sequence modeling and text generation, with improvements scaling proportionally with model size. However, the limitations of GPU memory have…

Large language models (LLMs) have become a significant workload since their appearance. However, they are also computationally expensive as they have billions of parameters and are trained with massive amounts of data. Thus, recent works…

Deep learning based recommendation models (DLRM) are widely used in several business critical applications. Training such recommendation models efficiently is challenging because they contain billions of embedding-based parameters, leading…

Actively secure arithmetic MPC is now practical for real applications, but performance and usability are still limited by framework-specific compilation stacks, the need for programmers to explicitly express parallelism, and high…

We present the first end-to-end demonstration of fine-tuning and serving Google's Gemma 4 31B model on TPU hardware, providing an empirical comparison of TPU and GPU platforms for large language model adaptation. Using LoRA on a Google TPU…

Pipeline parallelism enables efficient training of Large Language Models (LLMs) on large-scale distributed accelerator clusters. Yet, pipeline bubbles during startup and tear-down reduce the utilization of accelerators. Although efficient…

As large language models (LLMs) scale out with tensor parallelism (TP) and pipeline parallelism (PP) and production stacks have aggressively optimized the data plane (attention/GEMM and KV cache), sampling, the decision plane that turns…

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) has become essential for domain adaptation, but its memory-intensive property exceeds the capabilities of most GPUs. To address this challenge and democratize LLM fine-tuning, we present SlideFormer,…

As inference on Large Language Models (LLMs) emerges as an important workload in machine learning applications, weight quantization has become a standard technique for efficient GPU deployment. Quantization not only reduces model size, but…