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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an increasingly powerful way to solve partial differential equations, generate digital twins, and create neural surrogates of physical models. In this manuscript we detail the inner workings of…

We propose a new composite neural network (NN) that can be trained based on multi-fidelity data. It is comprised of three NNs, with the first NN trained using the low-fidelity data and coupled to two high-fidelity NNs, one with activation…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Xuhui Meng , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a flexible and effective alternative for estimating seismic wavefield solutions due to their typical mesh-free and unsupervised features. However, their accuracy and training cost restrict…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-01-23 Shijun Cheng , Tariq Alkhalifah

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for solving partial differential equations~(PDEs) in various scientific and engineering domains. However, traditional PINN architectures typically rely on large, fully…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Stefano Markidis

Large-scale wave field reconstruction requires precise solutions but faces challenges with computational efficiency and accuracy. The physics-based numerical methods like Finite Element Method (FEM) provide high accuracy but struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Huiwen Zhang , Feng Ye , Chu Ma

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising mesh-free paradigm for solving partial differential equations, yet adoption in science and engineering is limited by slow training and modest accuracy relative to modern…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Jian Cheng Wong , Chin Chun Ooi , Chang Wei , Yuchen Fan , Yew-Soon Ong

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) provide a learning-based framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding governing physical laws into neural network training. In practice, however, their performance is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Pancheng Niu , Jun Guo , Qiaolin He , Yongming Chen , Yanchao Shi

Several recent works in scientific machine learning have revived interest in the application of neural networks to partial differential equations (PDEs). A popular approach is to aggregate the residual form of the governing PDE and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Shamsulhaq Basir , Inanc Senocak

In this study, we present and validate the predictive capability of the Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) methodology for solving a variety of engineering and biological dynamical systems governed by ordinary differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Tyrus Whitman , Andrew Particka , Christopher Diers , Ian Griffin , Charuka Wickramasinghe , Pradeep Ranaweera

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a significant advancement in scientific machine learning by integrating fundamental physical laws into their architecture through loss functions. PINNs have been successfully applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Wei Zhou , Y. F. Xu

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged recently as a promising application of deep neural networks to the numerical solution of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). However, it has been recognized that adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Levi McClenny , Ulisses Braga-Neto

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are revolutionizing science and engineering practice by bringing together the power of deep learning to bear on scientific computation. In forward modeling problems, PINNs are meshless partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Yicheng Wang , Xiaotian Han , Chia-Yuan Chang , Daochen Zha , Ulisses Braga-Neto , Xia Hu

In this work, we study physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) constrained by partial differential equations (PDEs) and their application in approximating PDEs with two characteristic scales. From a continuous perspective, our formulation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-06 Michael Hintermüller , Denis Korolev

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) can be regarded as general-purpose PDE solvers, but it might be slow to train PINNs on particular problems, and there is no theoretical guarantee of corresponding error bounds. In this manuscript, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Wei Peng , Weien Zhou , Jun Zhang , Wen Yao

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws directly into the loss function. However, as a fundamental optimization issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Feilong Jiang , Xiaonan Hou , Jianqiao Ye , Min Xia

We present a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) to simulate the thermochemical evolution of a composite material on a tool undergoing cure in an autoclave. In particular, we solve the governing coupled system of differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Sina Amini Niaki , Ehsan Haghighat , Trevor Campbell , Anoush Poursartip , Reza Vaziri

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and hybrid quantum-classical extensions provide a promising framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws directly into the learning process. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Ban Q. Tran , Nahid Binandeh Dehaghani , A. Pedro Aguiar , Rafal Wisniewski , Susan Mengel

Recent work in scientific machine learning has developed so-called physics-informed neural network (PINN) models. The typical approach is to incorporate physical domain knowledge as soft constraints on an empirical loss function and use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Aditi S. Krishnapriyan , Amir Gholami , Shandian Zhe , Robert M. Kirby , Michael W. Mahoney

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), which incorporate PDEs as soft constraints, train with a composite loss function that contains multiple training point types: different types of collocation points chosen during training to enforce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Gregory Kang Ruey Lau , Apivich Hemachandra , See-Kiong Ng , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a versatile tool in the burgeoning field of scientific machine learning for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, determining suitable training strategies for them is not…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Saad Qadeer , Panos Stinis