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Related papers: ClawGym: A Scalable Framework for Building Effecti…

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As agentic systems increasingly rely on reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards, standardized ``gym'' infrastructure has become essential for rapid iteration, reproducibility, and fair comparison. Vision agents lack such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Fanqing Meng , Lingxiao Du , Jiawei Gu , Jiaqi Liao , Linjie Li , Zijian Wu , Xiangyan Liu , Ziqi Zhao , Mengkang Hu , Zichen Liu , Jiaheng Zhang , Michael Qizhe Shieh

Autonomous AI agents deployed on platforms such as OpenClaw face prompt injection, memory poisoning, supply-chain attacks, and social engineering, yet existing defences address only the platform perimeter, leaving the agent's own threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jiaqi Li , Yang Zhao , Bin Sun , Yang Yu , Jian Chang , Lidong Zhai

Smartphones represent a uniquely challenging environment for agentic systems. Unlike cloud or desktop settings, mobile devices combine constrained execution contexts, fragmented control interfaces, and rapidly changing application states.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hongchao Du , Shangyu Wu , Qiao Li , Riwei Pan , Jinheng Li , Youcheng Sun , Chun Jason Xue

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents, often trained with Reinforcement Learning (RL), are constrained by a dependency on human-curated data, limiting scalability and tethering AI to human knowledge. Existing self-evolution frameworks offer an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Peng Xia , Kaide Zeng , Jiaqi Liu , Can Qin , Fang Wu , Yiyang Zhou , Caiming Xiong , Huaxiu Yao

Agent skills, structured packages of procedural knowledge and executable resources that agents dynamically load at inference time, have become a reliable mechanism for augmenting LLM agents. Yet inference-time skill augmentation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zhengxi Lu , Zhiyuan Yao , Jinyang Wu , Chengcheng Han , Qi Gu , Xunliang Cai , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

Autonomous materials research systems allow scientists to fail smarter, learn faster, and spend less resources in their studies. As these systems grow in number, capability, and complexity, a new challenge arises - how will they work…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-03-21 A. Gilad Kusne , Austin McDannald

This paper presents a novel approach for unified retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems using the recent emerging large language model (LLM) agent concept. Specifically, Agent LLM, which utilizes LLM as fundamental controllers, has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hoang Pham , Thuy-Duong Nguyen , Khac-Hoai Nam Bui

Trading off performance guarantees in favor of scalability, the Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) community has recently started to embrace Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), where agents learn to collaboratively generate individual,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Yutong Wang , Bairan Xiang , Shinan Huang , Guillaume Sartoretti

In recent developments within the research community, the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) in creating fully autonomous agents has garnered significant interest. Despite this, LLM-based agents frequently demonstrate notable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Xueyang Feng , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yujia Qin , Yankai Lin , Xu Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

AI agents can extend their capabilities at inference time by loading reusable skills into context, yet equipping an agent with too many skills, particularly irrelevant ones, degrades performance. As community-driven skill repositories grow,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Fangzhou Li , Pagkratios Tagkopoulos , Ilias Tagkopoulos

Computational drug discovery, particularly the complex workflows of drug molecule screening and optimization, requires orchestrating dozens of specialized tools in multi-step workflows, yet current AI agents struggle to maintain robust…

We introduce Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Adaptive Verifiable Environments (RLVE), an approach using verifiable environments that procedurally generate problems and provide algorithmically verifiable rewards, to scale up RL for language…

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agentic systems rely on in-context policy documents encoding diverse business rules. As requirements grow, these documents expand rapidly, causing high computational overhead. This motivates developing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jiateng Liu , Zhenhailong Wang , Xiaojiang Huang , Yingjie Li , Xing Fan , Xiang Li , Chenlei Guo , Ruhi Sarikaya , Heng Ji

Autonomous agents have rapidly matured as task executors and seen widespread deployment via harnesses such as OpenClaw. Safety concerns have rightly drawn growing research attention, and beneath them lie the values silently steering agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haonan Dong , Qiguan Feng , Kehan Jiang , Haoran Ye , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

The evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) agents for software engineering (SWE) is constrained by the scarcity of verifiable datasets, a bottleneck stemming from the complexity of constructing executable environments across diverse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chuanzhe Guo , Jingjing Wu , Sijun He , Yang Chen , Zhaoqi Kuang , Shilong Fan , Bingjin Chen , Siqi Bao , Jing Liu , Hua Wu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che , Haifeng Wang

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly used to operate browsers, files, code and tools, making personal assistants a natural deployment target. Yet personal agents face a privacy-cost-capability tension: cloud models execute…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Haoyang Xie , Xinyuan Wang , Yancheng Wang , Puda Zhao , Feng Ju

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu

We present HippoCamp, a new benchmark designed to evaluate agents' capabilities on multimodal file management. Unlike existing agent benchmarks that focus on tasks like web interaction, tool use, or software automation in generic settings,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Zhe Yang , Shulin Tian , Kairui Hu , Shuai Liu , Hoang-Nhat Nguyen , Yichi Zhang , Zujin Guo , Mengying Yu , Zinan Zhang , Jingkang Yang , Chen Change Loy , Ziwei Liu

When developing reinforcement learning agents, the standard approach is to train an agent to converge to a fixed policy that is as close to optimal as possible for a single fixed reward function. If different agent behaviour is required in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-29 David O'Callaghan , Patrick Mannion

The emergence of agentic recommender systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a paradigm shift in personalized recommendations, leveraging LLMs' advanced reasoning and role-playing capabilities to enable autonomous,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yu Shang , Peijie Liu , Yuwei Yan , Zijing Wu , Leheng Sheng , Yuanqing Yu , Chumeng Jiang , An Zhang , Fengli Xu , Yu Wang , Min Zhang , Yong Li