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Providing timely and individualised feedback on handwritten student work is highly beneficial for learning but difficult to achieve at scale. This challenge has become more pressing as generative AI undermines the reliability of take-home…

Measuring innovation often relies on context-specific proxies and on expert evaluation. Hence, empirical innovation research is often limited to settings where such data is available. We investigate how large language models (LLMs) can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Robin Nowak , Patrick Figge , Carolin Haeussler

Large language models (LLMs) have grown more powerful in language generation, producing fluent text and even imitating personal style. Yet, this ability also heightens the risk of identity impersonation. To the best of our knowledge, no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Lang Gao , Xuhui Li , Chenxi Wang , Mingzhe Li , Wei Liu , Zirui Song , Jinghui Zhang , Rui Yan , Preslav Nakov , Xiuying Chen

Large language models (LLMs) can serve as judges that offer rapid and reliable assessments of other LLM outputs. However, models may systematically assign overly favorable ratings to their own outputs, a phenomenon known as self-bias, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Evangelia Spiliopoulou , Riccardo Fogliato , Hanna Burnsky , Tamer Soliman , Jie Ma , Graham Horwood , Miguel Ballesteros

This study presents a framework for automated evaluation of dynamically evolving topic taxonomies in scientific literature using Large Language Models (LLMs). In digital library systems, topic modeling plays a crucial role in efficiently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Zhiyin Tan , Jennifer D'Souza

Education is one of the most promising real-world applications for Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current LLMs rely on static pre-training knowledge and lack adaptation to individual learners, while existing RAG systems fall short…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bingxi Zhao , Jiahao Zhang , Xubin Ren , Zirui Guo , Tianzhe Chu , Yi Ma , Chao Huang

High quality annotations are increasingly a bottleneck in the explosively growing machine learning ecosystem. Scalable evaluation methods that avoid costly annotation have therefore become an important research ambition. Many hope to use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Florian E. Dorner , Vivian Y. Nastl , Moritz Hardt

Existing large language models (LLMs) evaluation methods typically focus on testing the performance on some closed-environment and domain-specific benchmarks with human annotations. In this paper, we explore a novel unsupervised evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Kun-Peng Ning , Shuo Yang , Yu-Yang Liu , Jia-Yu Yao , Zhen-Hui Liu , Yong-Hong Tian , Yibing Song , Li Yuan

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly considered for automated assessment and feedback, understanding when LLM marking can be trusted is essential. We evaluate LLM-as-a-judge marking across three physics assessment formats -…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-03-17 Will Yeadon , Tom Hardy , Paul Mackay , Elise Agra

We study the ability of large language models (LLMs) to generate comprehensive and accurate book summaries solely from their internal knowledge, without recourse to the original text. Employing a diverse set of books and multiple LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Javier Coronado-Blázquez

Large language models (LLMs) for formal theorem proving have become a prominent research focus. At present, the proving ability of these LLMs is mainly evaluated through proof pass rates on datasets such as miniF2F. However, this evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jianyu Zhang , Yongwang Zhao , Long Zhang , Jilin Hu , Xiaokun Luan , Zhiwei Xu , Feng Yang

This research focuses on using large language models (LLMs) to simulate social experiments, exploring their ability to emulate human personality in virtual persona role-playing. The research develops an end-to-end evaluation framework,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yuqi Bai , Tianyu Huang , Kun Sun , Yuting Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated evaluators (LLM-as-a-Judge). This work challenges its reliability by showing that trust judgments by LLMs are biased by disclosed source labels. Using a counterfactual design,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xin Sun , Di Wu , Sijing Qin , Isao Echizen , Abdallah El Ali , Saku Sugawara

This study validates Large Language Models (LLMs) as a dynamic alternative to questionnaire-based personality assessment. Using a within-subjects experiment (N=33), we compared Big Five personality scores derived from guided LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Andrius Matšenas , Anet Lello , Tõnis Lees , Hans Peep , Kim Lilii Tamm

With the rapid improvement in the general capabilities of LLMs, LLM personalization, i.e., how to build LLM systems that can generate personalized responses or services that are tailored to distinct user personas, has become an increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Meiling Tao , Chenghao Zhu , Dongyi Ding , Tiannan Wang , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Wangchunshu Zhou

Evaluating large language models typically relies on human-authored benchmarks, reference answers, and human or single-model judgments, approaches that scale poorly, become quickly outdated, and mismatch open-world deployments that depend…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yanki Margalit , Erni Avram , Ran Taig , Oded Margalit , Nurit Cohen-Inger

Recent claims of strong performance by Large Language Models (LLMs) on causal discovery are undermined by a key flaw: many evaluations rely on benchmarks likely included in pretraining corpora. Thus, apparent success suggests that LLM-only…

Ensuring that large language models (LLMs) reflect diverse user values and preferences is crucial as their user bases expand globally. It is therefore encouraging to see the growing interest in LLM personalization within the research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Nigel Collier

Authorship identification is a process in which the author of a text is identified. Most known literary texts can easily be attributed to a certain author because they are, for example, signed. Yet sometimes we find unfinished pieces of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Rahul Radhakrishnan Iyer , Carolyn Penstein Rose

Since the advent of large language models (LLMs), research has focused on instruction following and deductive reasoning. A central question remains: can these models discover new knowledge, and how can we evaluate this ability? We address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kaiyu He , Peilin Wu , Mian Zhang , Kun Wan , Wentian Zhao , Xinya Du , Zhiyu Chen