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As FMs drive progress toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), fine-tuning them under privacy and resource constraints has become increasingly critical particularly when highquality training data resides on distributed edge devices.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Gang Hu , Yinglei Teng , Pengfei Wu , Nan Wang

Mixture-of-Experts large language models (MoE-LLMs) marks a significant step forward of language models, however, they encounter two critical challenges in practice: 1) expert parameters lead to considerable memory consumption and loading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Wei Huang , Yue Liao , Jianhui Liu , Ruifei He , Haoru Tan , Shiming Zhang , Hongsheng Li , Si Liu , Xiaojuan Qi

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), are known to enhance training efficiency in Large Language Models (LLMs). Due to the limited parameters of LoRA, recent studies seek to combine LoRA with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Peijun Qing , Chongyang Gao , Yefan Zhou , Xingjian Diao , Yaoqing Yang , Soroush Vosoughi

Large-scale foundation models provide powerful feature representations for downstream object segmentation tasks. However, when adapted to specific tasks through the full-parameter fine-tuning, the enormous parameters being updated often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yanguang Sun , Jiawei Lian , Jian Yang , Lei Luo

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale efficiently by activating only a subset of experts per token, offering a computationally sparse alternative to dense architectures. While prior post-training optimizations, such as inter- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Krishna Teja Chitty-Venkata , Sandeep Madireddy , Murali Emani , Venkatram Vishwanath

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has been developed as an efficient approach for adapting large language models (LLMs) by fine-tuning two low-rank matrices, thereby reducing the number of trainable parameters. However, prior research indicates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lin Mu , Xiaoyu Wang , Li Ni , Yang Li , Zhize Wu , Peiquan Jin , Yiwen Zhang

Structural pruning techniques are essential for deploying multimodal large language models (MLLMs) across various hardware platforms, from edge devices to cloud servers. However, current pruning methods typically determine optimal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zhihan Zhang , Xiang Pan , Hongchen Wei , Zhenzhong Chen

Fine-tuning large language models is essential for task-specific adaptation, yet it remains computationally prohibitive. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a solution, but current approaches typically ignore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Dayan Pan , Jingyuan Wang , Yilong Zhou , Jiawei Cheng , Pengyue Jia , Xiangyu Zhao

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning has demonstrated promising results across various visual adaptation tasks, such as classification and segmentation. Typically, prompt tuning techniques have harnessed knowledge from a single pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Shentong Mo , Xufang Luo , Dongsheng Li

Among the widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, LoRA and its variants have gained considerable popularity because of avoiding additional inference costs. However, there still often exists an accuracy gap between these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Shih-Yang Liu , Chien-Yi Wang , Hongxu Yin , Pavlo Molchanov , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Min-Hung Chen

Transfer learning via fine-tuning pre-trained transformer models has gained significant success in delivering state-of-the-art results across various NLP tasks. In the absence of centralized data, Federated Learning (FL) can benefit from…

Mixture of Experts (MoE) pretraining is more scalable than dense Transformer pretraining, because MoEs learn to route inputs to a sparse set of their feedforward parameters. However, this means that MoEs only receive a sparse backward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Ashwinee Panda , Vatsal Baherwani , Zain Sarwar , Benjamin Therien , Sambit Sahu , Tom Goldstein , Supriyo Chakraborty

This paper presents a novel methodology of fine-tuning for large language models-dynamic LoRA. Building from the standard Low-Rank Adaptation framework, this methodology further adds dynamic adaptation mechanisms to improve efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xiaoxuan Liao , Chihang Wang , Shicheng Zhou , Jiacheng Hu , Hongye Zheng , Jia Gao

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as the de facto standard for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of foundation models, enabling the adaptation of billion-parameter networks with minimal computational and memory overhead. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bingcong Li , Yilang Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adapted into domain-specific variants for applications in law, healthcare, and finance. Their scale, however, limits deployment in resource-constrained settings, and existing compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Songlin Zhao , Michael Pitts , Zhuwei Qin

Large language models (LLMs) encounter significant adaptation challenges in diverse multitask finetuning. Mixture-of-experts (MoE) provides a promising solution with a dynamic architecture, enabling effective task decoupling. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Rongyu Zhang , Yijiang Liu , Huanrui Yang , Shenli Zheng , Dan Wang , Yuan Du , Li Du , Shanghang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) with Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are distinguished by their strong performance scaling with increasing parameters across a wide range of tasks, yet they also suffer from substantial computational and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuzhuang Xu , Xu Han , Yuanchi Zhang , Yixuan Wang , Yijun Liu , Shiyu Ji , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

In the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), the Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as an effective approach for training extremely large models with improved computational efficiency. This success builds upon extensive prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Giang Do , Hung Le , Truyen Tran

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is now the dominant architecture for frontier language models, yet it requires all expert parameters to be loaded in memory, making it less preferable for memory-constrained deployment. Existing compression methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Junhyuck Kim , Jihun Yun , Haechan Kim , Gyeongman Kim , Joonghyun Bae , Jaewoong Cho

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model is powerful for large-scale pre-training and has achieved promising results due to its model capacity. However, with trillions of parameters, MoE is hard to be deployed on cloud or mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Tianyu Chen , Shaohan Huang , Yuan Xie , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Haoyi Zhou , Jianxin Li , Furu Wei