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As deep learning models expand, the pre-training-fine-tuning paradigm has become the standard approach for handling various downstream tasks. However, shared parameters can lead to diminished performance when dealing with complex datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Junzhou Xu , Boyu Diao

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a prominent paradigm for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs). Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as LoRA, are widely adopted to adapt pretrained MoE LLMs to downstream tasks. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Guanzhi Deng , Bo Li , Ronghao Chen , Xiujin Liu , Zhuo Han , Huacan Wang , Lijie Wen , Linqi Song

Parameter-efficient tuning (PEFT) techniques like low-rank adaptation (LoRA) offer training efficiency on Large Language Models, but their impact on model performance remains limited. Recent efforts integrate LoRA and Mixture-of-Experts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Chongyang Gao , Kezhen Chen , Jinmeng Rao , Baochen Sun , Ruibo Liu , Daiyi Peng , Yawen Zhang , Xiaoyuan Guo , Jie Yang , VS Subrahmanian

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to architectures with billions to trillions of parameters, posing significant deployment challenges due to their substantial demands on memory, processing power, and energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Enshu Liu , Junyi Zhu , Zinan Lin , Xuefei Ning , Matthew B. Blaschko , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Despite the significant breakthrough of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), the increasing scale of these MoE models presents huge memory and storage challenges. Existing MoE pruning methods, which involve reducing parameter size with a uniform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Sikai Bai , Haoxi Li , Jie Zhang , Zicong Hong , Song Guo

Expert parallelism is vital for effectively training Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, enabling different devices to host distinct experts, with each device processing different input data. However, during expert parallel training, dynamic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xinyi Liu , Yujie Wang , Fangcheng Fu , Xuefeng Xiao , Huixia Li , Jiashi Li , Bin Cui

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture enables the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) to trillions of parameters by activating a sparse subset of weights for each input, maintaining constant computational cost during inference.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Shihao Ji , Zihui Song

We propose Tensor-Trained Low-Rank Adaptation Mixture of Experts (TT-LoRA MoE), a novel computational framework integrating Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) with sparse MoE routing to address scalability challenges in large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pradip Kunwar , Minh N. Vu , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Manish Bhattarai

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have shown promise in adapting large language models, yet existing approaches exhibit counter-intuitive phenomena: integrating router into prompt tuning (PT) increases training efficiency yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Zongqian Li , Yixuan Su , Nigel Collier

Recent studies have shown that combining parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) with mixture-of-experts (MoE) is an effective strategy for adapting large language models (LLMs) to the downstream tasks. However, most existing approaches rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yuan Zhuang , Yi Shen , Yuexin Bian , Qing Su , Shihao Ji , Yuanyuan Shi , Fei Miao

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) have revolutionized the adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to diverse tasks. Recent efforts have explored mixtures of LoRA modules for multi-task settings.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Lin Ning , Harsh Lara , Meiqi Guo , Abhinav Rastogi

In order to streamline the fine-tuning of foundation models, Low-Rank Adapters (LoRAs) have been substantially adopted across various fields, including instruction tuning and domain adaptation. The underlying concept of LoRA involves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Mengyang Sun , Yihao Wang , Tao Feng , Dan Zhang , Yifan Zhu , Jie Tang

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) and its mixture-of-experts (MOE) variants are highly effective parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods. However, they introduce significant latency in multi-tenant settings due to the LoRA modules and MOE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jingfan Zhang , Yi Zhao , Dan Chen , Xing Tian , Huanran Zheng , Wei Zhu

We present MoE-MLA-RoPE, a novel architecture combination that combines Mixture of Experts (MoE) with Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) and Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE) for efficient language modeling. Our approach addresses the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Sushant Mehta , Raj Dandekar , Rajat Dandekar , Sreedath Panat

Fine-tuning is often necessary to enhance the adaptability of Large Language Models (LLM) to downstream tasks. Nonetheless, the process of updating billions of parameters demands significant computational resources and training time, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Tongxu Luo , Jiahe Lei , Fangyu Lei , Weihao Liu , Shizhu He , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Recent studies integrate Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) to further enhance the performance of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods in Large Language Model (LLM) applications. Existing methods employ…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jie Cao , Tianwei Lin , Bo Yuan , Rolan Yan , Hongyang He , Wenqiao Zhang , Juncheng Li , Dongping Zhang , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in tackling a wide range of complex tasks. However, their huge computational and memory costs raise significant challenges in deploying these models on resource-constrained…

Parameter-Efficient FineTuning (PEFT) methods have recently gained significant popularity thanks to the widespread availability of large-scale pretrained models. These methods allow for quick adaptation to downstream tasks with minimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Massimo Bini , Leander Girrbach , Zeynep Akata

Standard LoRA fine-tuning of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models applies adapters to every expert, yet our profiling shows that per-layer expert routing is highly skewed: a small subset of experts handles most tokens in each layer, while many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Andrea Manzoni

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) based Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance and computational efficiency. However, their deployment is often constrained by substantial memory demands, primarily due to the need to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jiawei Hao , Zhiwei Hao , Jianyuan Guo , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Dan Zeng
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