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Multi-stage LLM pipelines that perform multi-agent debate, intrinsic self-correction, or retrieval-augmented verification exhibit puzzling aggregate behaviors: accuracy plateaus and reversals across rounds, non-replication of debate gains…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Prashanti Nilayam , Kiran Ramanna , Prashil Tumbade

Large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for interacting with complex software artifacts, such as software models, through natural language. They present especially promising benefits for large software models that are difficult…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Lukasz Mazur , Nenad Petrovic , James Pontes Miranda , Ansgar Radermacher , Robert Rasche , Alois Knoll

Despite their remarkable success, large language models (LLMs) have shown limited ability on safety-critical code tasks such as vulnerability detection. Typically, static analysis (SA) tools, like CodeQL, CodeGuru Security, etc., are used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Ira Ceka , Feitong Qiao , Anik Dey , Aastha Valecha , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

This study investigates the behaviors of Large Language Models (LLMs) when faced with conflicting prompts versus their internal memory. This will not only help to understand LLMs' decision mechanism but also benefit real-world applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Jiahao Ying , Yixin Cao , Kai Xiong , Yidong He , Long Cui , Yongbin Liu

A common problem for agents operating in real-world environments is that the response of an environment to their actions may be non-deterministic and observed through noise. This renders environmental state and progress towards completing a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 William E Bishop , Alice Li , Christopher Rawles , Oriana Riva

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in both scientific research and practical applications. Existing studies have demonstrated the state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance of LLMs in various natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yajing Wang , Zongwei Luo

Most existing prompting methods suffer from the issues of generalizability and consistency, as they often rely on instance-specific solutions that may not be applicable to other instances and lack task-level consistency across the selected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Chang Gao , Haiyun Jiang , Deng Cai , Shuming Shi , Wai Lam

This study investigates whether diagnostic prompting can improve Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) reliability for visual complexity assessment of Amazon Search Results Pages (SRP). We compare diagnostic prompting with standard gestalt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Divendar Murtadak , Yoon Kim , Trilokya Akula

In-Car Conversational Question Answering (ConvQA) systems significantly enhance user experience by enabling seamless voice interactions. However, assessing their accuracy and reliability remains a challenge. This paper explores the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Philipp Habicht , Lev Sorokin , Abdullah Saydemir , Ken E. Friedl , Andrea Stocco

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly expected to maintain coherent, long-term personalized memory, yet current benchmarks primarily measure static fact retrieval, overlooking the ability to revise stored beliefs when new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hanxiang Chao , Yihan Bai , Rui Sheng , Tianle Li , Yushi Sun

Stance detection is essential for understanding subjective content across various platforms such as social media, news articles, and online reviews. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized stance detection by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Lata Pangtey , Anukriti Bhatnagar , Shubhi Bansal , Shahid Shafi Dar , Nagendra Kumar

We present a Collaborative Agent-Based Framework for Multi-Image Reasoning. Our approach tackles the challenge of interleaved multimodal reasoning across diverse datasets and task formats by employing a dual-agent system: a language-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Angelos Vlachos , Giorgos Filandrianos , Maria Lymperaiou , Nikolaos Spanos , Ilias Mitsouras , Vasileios Karampinis , Athanasios Voulodimos

Recent advances in prompting techniques and multi-agent systems for Large Language Models (LLMs) have produced increasingly complex approaches. However, we lack a framework for characterizing and comparing prompting techniques or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Dhruv Dhamani , Mary Lou Maher

The reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) remain a topic of debate. Some methods such as ReAct-based prompting, have gained popularity for claiming to enhance sequential decision-making abilities of agentic LLMs. However, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Mudit Verma , Siddhant Bhambri , Subbarao Kambhampati

Multimodal Stance Detection (MSD) is crucial for understanding public discourse, yet effectively fusing text and image, especially with conflicting signals, remains challenging. Existing methods often face difficulties with contextual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Weihai Lu , Zhejun Zhao , Yanshu Li , Huan He

Large language models are increasingly used for vulnerability detection, yet their reliability under different prompt formulations remains uncharacterized. We present PromptAudit, a controlled evaluation framework that isolates prompt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Steffen J. Camarato , Yahya Hmaiti , Mandana Ghadamian , David Mohaisen

We explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for automated assessment of open-text student reflections and prediction of academic performance. Traditional methods for evaluating reflections are time-consuming and may not scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Gen Li , Li Chen , Cheng Tang , Valdemar Švábenský , Daisuke Deguchi , Takayoshi Yamashita , Atsushi Shimada

Prompt engineering plays a critical role in adapting large language models (LLMs) to complex reasoning and labeling tasks without the need for extensive fine-tuning. In this paper, we propose a novel prompt optimization pipeline for frame…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Do Minh Duc , Quan Xuan Truong , Nguyen Tat Dat , Nguyen Van Vinh

In this project, our goal is to determine how to leverage the world-knowledge of pretrained large language models for efficient and robust learning in multiagent decision making. We examine this in a taxi routing and assignment problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Huangyuan Su , Aaron Walsman , Daniel Garces , Sham Kakade , Stephanie Gil

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents are an emerging computing paradigm that blends generative machine learning with tools such as code interpreters, web browsing, email, and more generally, external resources. These agent-based systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Xiaohan Fu , Shuheng Li , Zihan Wang , Yihao Liu , Rajesh K. Gupta , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Earlence Fernandes