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Adaptive learning systems can produce substantial learning gains, yet many students engage for too brief or too superficial a period to benefit. A central obstacle is measuring effort. Effort during multi-step problem solving is rarely…
Research on intelligent tutoring systems has been exploring data-driven methods to deliver effective adaptive assistance. While much work has been done to provide adaptive assistance when students seek help, they may not seek help…
Determining when and whether to provide personalized support is a well-known challenge called the assistance dilemma. A core problem in solving the assistance dilemma is the need to discover when students are unproductive so that the tutor…
Prior research has shown that students' problem-solving pathways in game-based learning environments reflect their conceptual understanding, procedural knowledge, and flexibility. Replay behaviors, in particular, may indicate productive…
Sustained effort is essential for realizing the benefits of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), yet many learners disengage or underuse available practice time. We introduce engagement forecasting as a supervised prediction task based on…
Teachers' in-the-moment support is a limited resource in technology-supported classrooms, and teachers must decide whom to help and when during ongoing student work. However, less is known about how students' prior help history (whether…
The purpose of this paper is to determine potential identifiers of students' academic success in foundation mathematics course from the data logs of an intelligent tutor. A cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 58 records was…
AI-augmented classrooms generate rich teacher and student feedback before graded outcomes become available, yet these signals can be difficult to translate into timely instructional decisions. We propose an interpretable decision layer: a…
Within intelligent tutoring systems, considerable research has investigated hints, including how to generate data-driven hints, what hint content to present, and when to provide hints for optimal learning outcomes. However, less attention…
While research on human-AI collaboration exists, it mainly examined language learning and used traditional counting methods with little attention to evolution and dynamics of collaboration on cognitively demanding tasks. This study examines…
This study is motivated by the magnitude of the problem of Louisiana high school dropout and its negative impacts on individual and public well-being. Our goal is to predict students who are at risk of high school dropout, by examining…
Randomized evaluations of educational technology produce log data as a bi-product: highly granular data student and teacher usage. These datasets could shed light on causal mechanisms, effect heterogeneity, or optimal use. However, there…
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as automated tutors to address educator shortages; however, they often fail at pedagogical reasoning, frequently validating incorrect student solutions (sycophancy) or providing overly…
Learning from human involvement aims to incorporate the human subject to monitor and correct agent behavior errors. Although most interactive imitation learning methods focus on correcting the agent's action at the current state, they do…
Human-robot interaction (HRI) has long studied how agents and people coordinate to achieve shared goals. In this work, we formalize and benchmark the non-intrusive assistance as an independent paradigm of HRI, where a robot proactively…
We formulate the problem of learning to imitate multiple, non-deterministic teachers with minimal interaction cost. Rather than learning a specific policy as in standard imitation learning, the goal in this problem is to learn a…
This study investigates the challenges in designing, data collection, and implementation of a web-based Tutoring System (TS) for teaching linear equations within a developing country context. Originally designed as an Android app, the…
In high-stakes AI applications, even a single action can cause irreparable damage. However, nearly all of sequential decision-making theory assumes that all errors are recoverable (e.g., by bounding rewards). Standard bandit algorithms that…
This study uses a Design-Based Research (DBR) cycle to refine the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) in high school programming education. The initial problem was identified in an Intervention Group where, in an unguided setting, a…
A learning algorithm based on primary school teaching and learning is presented. The methodology is to continuously evaluate a student and to give them training on the examples for which they repeatedly fail, until, they can correctly…