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Related papers: Test-Time Safety Alignment

200 papers

The security issue of large language models (LLMs) has gained wide attention recently, with various defense mechanisms developed to prevent harmful output, among which safeguards based on text embedding models serve as a fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haoyu Liang , Youran Sun , Yunfeng Cai , Jun Zhu , Bo Zhang

Word embeddings are a fixed, distributional representation of the context of words in a corpus learned from word co-occurrences. Despite their proven utility in machine learning tasks, word embedding models may capture uneven semantic and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-07 James Powell , Kari Sentz , Martin Klein

Ensuring the safe alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is critical as they become integral to applications like translation and question answering. Current alignment methods struggle with dynamic user intentions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Rima Hazra , Sayan Layek , Somnath Banerjee , Soujanya Poria

Static word embeddings are ubiquitous in computational social science applications and contribute to practical decision-making in a variety of fields including law and healthcare. However, assessing the statistical uncertainty in downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Andrea Vallebueno , Cassandra Handan-Nader , Christopher D. Manning , Daniel E. Ho

Position embeddings, encoding the positional relationships among tokens in text sequences, make great contributions to modeling local context features in Transformer-based pre-trained language models. However, in Extractive Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Mingxu Tao , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

Token embeddings play a crucial role in language modeling but, despite this practical relevance, their theoretical understanding remains limited. Our paper addresses the gap by characterizing the structure of embeddings obtained via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Diyuan Wu , Aleksandr Shevchenko , Samet Oymak , Marco Mondelli

Word alignment over parallel corpora has a wide variety of applications, including learning translation lexicons, cross-lingual transfer of language processing tools, and automatic evaluation or analysis of translation outputs. The great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Zi-Yi Dou , Graham Neubig

We introduce aligned probing, a novel interpretability framework that aligns the behavior of language models (LMs), based on their outputs, and their internal representations (internals). Using this framework, we examine over 20 OLMo,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Andreas Waldis , Vagrant Gautam , Anne Lauscher , Dietrich Klakow , Iryna Gurevych

Word embeddings learnt from large corpora have been adopted in various applications in natural language processing and served as the general input representations to learning systems. Recently, a series of post-processing methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Shuai Tang , Mahta Mousavi , Virginia R. de Sa

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with complex reasoning due to limited diversity and inefficient search. We propose Soft Reasoning, an embedding-based search framework that optimises the embedding of the first token to guide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Qinglin Zhu , Runcong Zhao , Hanqi Yan , Yulan He , Yudong Chen , Lin Gui

To help evaluate and understand the latent capabilities of language models, this paper introduces an approach using optimized input embeddings, or 'soft prompts,' as a metric of conditional distance between a model and a target behavior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Ross Nordby

Modern neural language models achieve high accuracy in text generation, yet precise control over generation length remains underdeveloped. In this paper, we first investigate a recent length control method based on Reverse Positional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ivanhoé Botcazou , Tassadit Amghar , Sylvain Lamprier , Frédéric Saubion

The remarkable ability of diffusion models to generate high-fidelity images has led to their widespread adoption. However, concerns have also arisen regarding their potential to produce Not Safe for Work (NSFW) content and exhibit social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zhiwen Li , Die Chen , Mingyuan Fan , Cen Chen , Yaliang Li , Yanhao Wang , Wenmeng Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language tasks, but their safety and morality remain contentious due to their training on internet text corpora. To address these concerns, alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Mohammad Bahrami Karkevandi , Nishant Vishwamitra , Peyman Najafirad

The safety alignment of current Large Language Models (LLMs) is vulnerable. Relatively simple attacks, or even benign fine-tuning, can jailbreak aligned models. We argue that many of these vulnerabilities are related to a shared underlying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiangyu Qi , Ashwinee Panda , Kaifeng Lyu , Xiao Ma , Subhrajit Roy , Ahmad Beirami , Prateek Mittal , Peter Henderson

The safety alignment ability of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) is prone to be degraded by the integration of the vision module compared to its LLM backbone. We investigate this phenomenon, dubbed as ''safety alignment degradation'' in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Qin Liu , Chao Shang , Ling Liu , Nikolaos Pappas , Jie Ma , Neha Anna John , Srikanth Doss , Lluis Marquez , Miguel Ballesteros , Yassine Benajiba

We present a training-free framework for continuous and controllable image editing at test time for text-conditioned generative models. In contrast to prior approaches that rely on additional training or manual user intervention, we find…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yigit Ekin , Yossi Gandelsman

Cross-domain alignment play a key roles in tasks ranging from machine translation to transfer learning. Recently, purely unsupervised methods operating on monolingual embeddings have successfully been used to infer a bilingual lexicon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Aissatou Diallo , Johannes Fürnkranz

Large language model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) enable agents to communicate and share information, achieving strong performance on complex tasks. However, this communication also creates an attack surface where malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Lingxi Zhang , Guangtao Zheng , Hanjie Chen

While large language models (LLMs) have seen unprecedented advancements in capabilities and applications across a variety of use-cases, safety alignment of these models is still an area of active research. The fragile nature of LLMs, even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Shaona Ghosh , Traian Rebedea , Christopher Parisien