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Let a, k, h, c be positive integers and d a non zero integer. Recall that a numerical generalized almost arithmetic semigroup S is a semigroup minimally generated by relatively prime positive integers a, ha + d, ha + 2d, . . . , ha + kd, c,…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Marcel Morales , Nguyen Thi Dung

We investigate numerical semigroups generated by any quadratic sequence with initial term zero and an infinite number of terms. We find an efficient algorithm for calculating the Ap\'ery set, as well as bounds on the elements of the Ap\'ery…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-07 Mara Hashuga , Megan Herbine , Alathea Jensen

For the elements of a numerical semigroup which are larger than the Frobenius number, we introduce the definition of, seed, by broadening the notion of generator. This new concept allows us to explore the semigroup tree in an alternative…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-27 Maria Bras-Amorós , Julio Fernández-González

A numerical semigroup $S$ is coated with odd elements (Coe-semigroup), if $\left\{x-1, x+1\right\}\subseteq S$ for all odd element $x$ in $S$. In this note, we will study this kind of numerical semigroups. In particular, we are interested…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2024-07-25 J. C. Rosales , M. B. Branco , M. A. Traesel

For an arbitrary group $G$, it is shown that either the semigroup rank $G{\rm rk}S$ equals the group rank $G{\rm rk}G$, or $G{\rm rk}S = G{\rm rk}G+1$. This is the starting point for the rest of the article, where the semigroup rank for…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-05 Mário J. J. Branco , Gracinda M. S. Gomes , Pedro V. Silva

We examine two natural operations to create numerical semigroups. We say that a numerical semigroup $\mathcal{S}$ is $k$-normalescent if it is the projection of the set of integer points in a $k$-dimensional polyhedral cone, and we say that…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2024-04-16 Tristram Bogart , Christopher O'Neill , Kevin Woods

In this paper, we introduce a new depicting of the so-called numerical semigroup tree $\mathcal T$. By exploring computationally this improved picture, relying on the type notion of a semigroup, we found that the number of semigroups of…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Jonathan Chappelon , Jorge L. Ramírez Alfonsín , Dumitru I. Stamate

Denote by $\mathrm m(S)$ the multiplicity of a numerical semigroup $S$. A covariety is a nonempty family $\mathscr{C}$ of numerical semigroups that fulfills the following conditions: there is the minimum of $\mathscr{C},$ the intersection…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-02-21 M. A. Moreno-Frías , J. C. Rosales

Let $\mathbb{N}^{d}$ be the $d$-dimensional monoid of non-negative integers. A generalized numerical semigroup is a submonoid $ S\subseteq \mathbb{N}^d$ such that $H(S)=\mathbb{N}^d \setminus S$ is a finite set. We introduce irreducible…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-05 Carmelo Cisto , Gioia Failla , Chris Peterson , Rosanna Utano

We study statistical properties of numerical semigroups of genus $g$ as $g$ goes to infinity. More specifically, we answer a question of Eliahou by showing that as $g$ goes to infinity, the proportion of numerical semigroups of genus $g$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-16 Nathan Kaplan , Deepesh Singhal

A generalized numerical semigroup is a submonoid $S$ of $\mathbb{N}^d$ with finite complement in it. We characterize isomorphisms between these monoids in terms of permutation of coordinates. Considering the equivalence relation that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Carmelo Cisto , Gioia Failla , Francesco Navarra

We present a procedure to enumerate the whole set of numerical semigroups with a given Frobenius number F, S(F). The methodology is based on the construction of a partition of S(F) by a congruence relation. We identify exactly one…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2011-05-26 V. Blanco , J. C. Rosales

In this paper we study numerical semigroups containing a given positive integer and closed with respect to the action of an affine map. For such semigroups we find a minimal set of generators, their embedding dimension, their genus and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-12 Simone Ugolini

We study how certain invariants of numerical semigroups relate to the number of second kind gaps. Furthermore, given two fixed non-negative integers F and k, we provide an algorithm to compute all the numerical semigroups whose Frobenius…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-16 Aureliano M. Robles-Pérez , José Carlos Rosales

In this work we will introduce the concept of ratio-covariety, as a nonempty family $\mathscr{R}$ of numerical semigroups verifying certain properties. This concept will allow us to: \begin{enumerate} \item Describe an algorithmic process…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-05-04 M. A. Moreno-Frías , J. C. Rosales

This article discusses numerical semigroups having a generator which is as large as possible. This turns out to be $2g+1$, where $g$ is the genus of the semigroup. We will show that these semigroups are closely related to symmetric…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Michael Hellus , Reinhold Hübl , Anton Rechenauer

There has been significant recent interest in studying how the number of numerical semigroups of genus $g$ behaves as a function of $g$. Bras-Amor\'os has shown how to organize the collection of numerical semigroups of genus $g$ into a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Sogol Cyrusian , Nathan Kaplan

A numerical set is a co-finite subset of the natural numbers that contains zero. Its Frobenius number is the largest number in its complement. Each numerical set has an associated semigroup $A(T)=\{t\mid t+T\subseteq T\}$, which has the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Deepesh Singhal , Yuxin Lin

Numerical semigroups have been extensively studied throughout the literature, and many of their invariants have been characterized. In this work, we generalize some of the most important results about symmetry, pseudo-symmetry, or…

A numerical semigroup is said to be ordinary if it has all its gaps in a row. Indeed, it contains zero and all integers from a given positive one. One can define a simple operation on a non-ordinary semigroup, which we call here the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-23 Maria Bras-Amorós