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The rapid development of large language models (LLM) has greatly enhanced everyday applications. While many FPGA-based accelerators, with flexibility for fine-grained data control, exhibit superior speed and energy efficiency compared to…

Large Language Model (LLM) inference on large-scale systems is expected to dominate future cloud infrastructures. Efficient LLM inference in cloud environments with numerous AI accelerators is challenging, necessitating extensive…

A low-power Content-Addressable-Memory (CAM) is introduced employing a new mechanism for associativity between the input tags and the corresponding address of the output data. The proposed architecture is based on a recently developed…

Large Language Model (LLM) inference uses an autoregressive manner to generate one token at a time, which exhibits notably lower operational intensity compared to earlier Machine Learning (ML) models such as encoder-only transformers and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess remarkable generalization capabilities but struggle with multi-task adaptation, particularly in balancing knowledge retention with task-specific specialization. Conventional fine-tuning methods suffer…

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have traditionally relied on the host CPU to initiate access to the data storage. This approach is well-suited for GPU applications with known data access patterns that enable partitioning of their dataset…

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as an enabler for the energy-efficient and high-performance acceleration of deep learning (DL) workloads. Resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) is one of the most promising technologies to implement…

Ever since their conception, Transformers have taken over traditional sequence models in many tasks, such as NLP, image classification, and video/audio processing, for their fast training and superior performance. Much of the merit is…

Attention efficiency is critical to large language model (LLM) inference. While prior advances optimize attention execution for individual requests (e.g., FlashAttention), production LLM serving relies on batching requests with highly…

The escalating context length in Large Language Models (LLMs) creates a severe performance bottleneck around the Key-Value (KV) cache, whose memory-bound nature leads to significant GPU under-utilization. This paper introduces Mixture of…

Efficient inference of Multi-Head Latent Attention (MLA) is challenged by deploying the DeepSeek-R1 671B model on a single Multi-GPU server. This paper introduces FlashMLA-ETAP, a novel framework that enhances MLA inference for the…

With the increasing volumes of Large Language Models (LLMs) and the expanding context lengths, attention computation has become a key performance bottleneck in LLM serving. For fast attention computation, recent practices often parallelize…

As the size of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) models and datasets grows, the memory bandwidth becomes a critical bottleneck. The paper presents a novel extended memory hierarchy that addresses some major memory…

Although existing frameworks for large language model (LLM) inference on CPUs are mature, they fail to fully exploit the computation potential of many-core CPU platforms. Many-core CPUs are widely deployed in web servers and high-end…

Attention, as a core layer of the ubiquitous Transformer architecture, is the bottleneck for large language models and long-context applications. FlashAttention elaborated an approach to speed up attention on GPUs through minimizing memory…

High-performance GPU kernels are essential for efficient LLM deployment, yet optimizing them remains expertise-intensive. Recent LLM-based code generation makes automatic GPU operator generation promising, but operator optimization remains…

Recurrent-attention hybrids aim to combine the efficiency of recurrence with the expressivity of attention, but existing approaches typically apply attention uniformly across all positions, even when the recurrent state alone is sufficient…

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) often suffer from audio-textual attention imbalance, prioritizing text over acoustic information, particularly in the multi-modal fusion layers of the Transformer architecture. This bias hinders their…

On-device running Large Language Models (LLMs) is nowadays a critical enabler towards preserving user privacy. We observe that the attention operator falls back from the special-purpose NPU to the general-purpose CPU/GPU because of…

Due to rising demands for Artificial Inteligence (AI) inference, especially in higher education, novel solutions utilising existing infrastructure are emerging. The utilisation of High-Performance Computing (HPC) has become a prevalent…