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Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various fields with their exceptional capabilities in understanding, processing, and generating human-like text. This paper investigates the potential of LLMs in advancing Network Intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Shuo Yang , Xinran Zheng , Xinchen Zhang , Jinfeng Xu , Jinze Li , Donglin Xie , Weicai Long , Edith C. H. Ngai

Recent benchmark efforts have advanced the evaluation of large language models (LLMs) in cybersecurity, including tasks such as penetration testing and vulnerability identification. However, a critical cybersecurity task, namely intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Danyu Sun , Jinghuai Zhang , Yuan Tian , Zhou Li

This paper presents a large language model (LLM)-based framework that adapts and fine-tunes compact LLMs for detecting cyberattacks on transformer current differential relays (TCDRs), which can otherwise cause false tripping of critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Saeed Jafari , Zhengmao Ouyang , Paul Budnarain , Amr Youssef , Deepa Kundur

Cybersecurity post-incident reviews are essential for identifying control failures and improving organisational resilience, yet they remain labour-intensive, time-consuming, and heavily reliant on expert judgment. This paper investigates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Huan Lin Oh , Jay Yong Jun Jie , Mandy Lee Ling Siu , Jonathan Pan

This paper studies the integration off Large Language Models into cybersecurity tools and protocols. The main issue discussed in this paper is how traditional rule-based and signature based security systems are not enough to deal with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Raunak Somani , Aswani Kumar Cherukuri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised natural language processing tasks, particularly as chat agents. However, their applicability to threat detection problems remains unclear. This paper examines the feasibility of employing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Paul R. B. Houssel , Priyanka Singh , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools capable of understanding and generating human-like text, offering transformative potential across diverse domains. The Security Operations Center (SOC), responsible for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ali Habibzadeh , Farid Feyzi , Reza Ebrahimi Atani

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming cybersecurity by enabling intelligent, adaptive, and automated approaches to threat detection, vulnerability assessment, and incident response. With their advanced language understanding and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Niveen O. Jaffal , Mohammed Alkhanafseh , David Mohaisen

Ensuring the security of critical infrastructure has become increasingly vital with the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) systems. However, the heterogeneous nature of IoT data and the lack of human-comprehensible insights from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ashutosh Ghimire , Ghazal Ghajari , Karma Gurung , Love K. Sah , Fathi Amsaad

In recent years, numerous large-scale cyberattacks have exploited Internet of Things (IoT) devices, a phenomenon that is expected to escalate with the continuing proliferation of IoT technology. Despite considerable efforts in attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Alaeddine Diaf , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Nour Elislem Karabadji , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane

Log analysis is a relevant research field in cybersecurity as they can provide a source of information for the detection of threats to networks and systems. This paper presents a pipeline to use fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Jorge J. Tejero-Fernández , Alfonso Sánchez-Macián

Cybersecurity breaches targeting electrical substations constitute a significant threat to the integrity of the power grid, necessitating comprehensive defense and mitigation strategies. Any anomaly in information and communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Aydin Zaboli , Seong Lok Choi , Tai-Jin Song , Junho Hong

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive results on natural language tasks, and security researchers are beginning to employ them in both offensive and defensive systems. In cyber-security, there have been multiple research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jiacen Xu , Jack W. Stokes , Geoff McDonald , Xuesong Bai , David Marshall , Siyue Wang , Adith Swaminathan , Zhou Li

Malicious traffic detection is a pivotal technology for network security to identify abnormal network traffic and detect network attacks. Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on a vast corpus of text, have amassed remarkable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Xinggong Zhang , Haotian Meng , Qingyang Li , Yunpeng Tan , Lei Zhang

Malicious examples are crucial for evaluating the robustness of machine learning algorithms under attack, particularly in Industrial Control Systems (ICS). However, collecting normal and attack data in ICS environments is challenging due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened up new opportunities for leveraging artificial intelligence in a variety of application domains, including cybersecurity. As the volume and sophistication of cyber threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Hanxiang Xu , Shenao Wang , Ningke Li , Kailong Wang , Yanjie Zhao , Kai Chen , Ting Yu , Yang Liu , Haoyu Wang

The increasing digitization of smart grids has improved operational efficiency but also introduced new cybersecurity vulnerabilities, such as False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs) targeting Automatic Generation Control (AGC) systems. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Muhammad Sharshar , Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Davor Svetinovic , Amr M. Youssef , Deepa Kundur , Ehab F. El-Saadany

This project explores large language models (LLMs) for anomaly detection across heterogeneous log sources. Traditional intrusion detection systems suffer from high false positive rates, semantic blindness, and data scarcity, as logs are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yassine Chagna , Antal Goldschmidt

The rapidly evolving cloud platforms and the escalating complexity of network traffic demand proper network traffic monitoring and anomaly detection to ensure network security and performance. This paper introduces a large language model…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ze Yang , Yihong Jin , Juntian Liu , Xinhe Xu , Yihan Zhang , Shuyang Ji

Log data are essential for intrusion detection and forensic investigations. However, manual log analysis is tedious due to high data volumes, heterogeneous event formats, and unstructured messages. Even though many automated methods for log…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Max Landauer , Wolfgang Hotwagner , Thorina Boenke , Florian Skopik , Markus Wurzenberger
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